Schulte Erica M, Grilo Carlos M, Gearhardt Ashley N
Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; CASAColumbia, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.
Clin Psychol Rev. 2016 Mar;44:125-139. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2016.02.001. Epub 2016 Feb 4.
Scientific interest in "food addiction" is growing, but the topic remains controversial. One critique of "food addiction" is its high degree of phenotypic overlap with binge eating disorder (BED). In order to examine associations between problematic eating behaviors, such as binge eating and "food addiction," we propose the need to move past examining similarities and differences in symptomology. Instead, focusing on relevant mechanisms may more effectively determine whether "food addiction" contributes to disordered eating behavior for some individuals. This paper reviews the evidence for mechanisms that are shared (i.e., reward dysfunction, impulsivity) and unique for addiction (i.e., withdrawal, tolerance) and eating disorder (i.e., dietary restraint, shape/weight concern) frameworks. This review will provide a guiding framework to outline future areas of research needed to evaluate the validity of the "food addiction" model and to understand its potential contribution to disordered eating.
科学界对“食物成瘾”的兴趣与日俱增，但该话题仍存在争议。对“食物成瘾”的一种批评是，它与暴饮暴食症（BED）在表型上有高度重叠。为了研究暴饮暴食和“食物成瘾”等问题饮食行为之间的关联，我们认为有必要超越对症状学异同的研究。相反，关注相关机制可能更有效地确定“食物成瘾”是否会导致某些个体出现饮食失调行为。本文回顾了成瘾（即奖赏功能障碍、冲动性）、进食障碍（即节食、对体型/体重的关注）框架中共享的（即奖赏功能障碍、冲动性）以及独特的（即成瘾的戒断、耐受性）机制的证据。本综述将提供一个指导框架，以勾勒出未来评估“食物成瘾”模型有效性以及理解其对饮食失调潜在影响所需的研究领域。
