Ducel G
Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1987 Mar 21;117(12):417-22.
The conflict between hosts and microorganisms evidences the breakdown in the hosts' defence system or the acquisition of characters new to the infectious agents; it occurs constantly in the hospital environment and particularly in surgical intensive care units, due to the weakened defence system in the patient, contact with infected material, contamination of the environment, and resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics. The sources of infectious agents are the patient himself, other patients, hospital personnel, visitors, inanimate surroundings, the air, materials used and/or nutrition, liquids, drugs, dressings, drainage, etc. These microorganisms cause postoperative infections, urinary tract and respiratory tract infections, and systemic infections. Preventive hygiene wards off or reduces these infections. Regular follow-up of results obtained can be documented by permanent epidemiological surveillance.
宿主与微生物之间的冲突表明宿主防御系统出现故障或感染因子获得了新特性；这种冲突在医院环境中经常发生，尤其是在外科重症监护病房，这是由于患者防御系统减弱、接触感染物质、环境污染以及微生物对抗生素产生耐药性所致。感染源包括患者自身、其他患者、医院工作人员、访客、无生命的环境、空气、使用的材料和/或营养物质、液体、药物、敷料、引流物等。这些微生物会导致术后感染、泌尿系统和呼吸道感染以及全身感染。预防性卫生措施可预防或减少这些感染。通过长期的流行病学监测可以记录所获得结果的定期随访情况。
