Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Florianópolis, SC 88034-100, Brazil.
Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA), Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária, Seção Laboratorial Avançada em Santa Catarina (SLAV/SC/LFDA/RS), São José, SC 88102-600, Brazil.
Food Res Int. 2022 Jul;157:111366. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111366. Epub 2022 May 14.
More than 5.8 million tonnes of oil have been spilled into the oceans. Some oil disasters marked history, causing multiple social and economic consequences in addition to catastrophic environmental impacts. Recently, Brazil and Mauritius faced oil disasters that have severely impacted seafood sanitary credibility. One of the components of the oil composition are the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), which are the main contamination markers of petrogenic origin. There is enough evidence to correlate the intake of food contaminated with PAH with increased risks of developing cancer. The set PAH4, composed of benzo[a]anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, and chrysene, and the set PAH8, composed of benzo[a]anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[ghi]perylene, chrysene, dibenzo[a,h]anthracene, and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene are recognized as markers of food chemical contamination. After oil disasters in the oceans, the risk to the health of seafood consumers tends to be of special concern, Countries like the European Union set maximum levels for benzo[a]pyrene (5 µg kg) and PAH4 (30 µg kg) in bivalve mollusks. Levels of concern established by countries that have faced oil disasters are given special attention in this review. Laboratory analysis of PAH in food samples is very challenging because it deals with quite different kinds of matrices. Furthermore, analytical results are usually related to the closure or reopening of cultivated areas and fishing points. Therefore, the progress of the analytical methods for PAH in seafood is covered in detail. Chemical laboratory measurements provide essential data to assess the potential risks to human health due to consumption of seafood contaminated with PAH. The main human health risk assessment approaches in a seafood contamination scenario with PAH are reviewed and discussed, providing an insightful and guiding tool to each step of the risk assessment framework.
已有超过 580 万吨的石油泄漏到海洋中。一些石油灾难成为了历史的标志，除了造成灾难性的环境影响外，还带来了多重社会和经济后果。最近，巴西和毛里求斯遭遇了石油灾难，这严重影响了海鲜的卫生可信度。石油成分的其中一个组成部分是多环芳烃（PAH），它是石油成因污染的主要标志物。有足够的证据表明，摄入被 PAH 污染的食物会增加患癌症的风险。PAH4 由苯并[a]蒽、苯并[a]芘、苯并[b]荧蒽和屈组成，PAH8 由苯并[a]蒽、苯并[a]芘、苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[k]荧蒽、苯并[ghi]苝、屈、二苯并[a,h]蒽和茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘组成，这两组物质被认为是食物化学污染的标志物。海洋发生石油灾难后，海鲜消费者的健康风险往往特别令人关注，欧盟等国家在双壳贝类中设定了苯并[a]芘（5μg/kg）和 PAH4（30μg/kg）的最大限量。在本综述中，特别关注了曾遭遇过石油灾难的国家所制定的关注水平。实验室分析食品样本中的 PAH 非常具有挑战性，因为它涉及到非常不同种类的基质。此外，分析结果通常与养殖区和捕鱼点的关闭或重新开放有关。因此，详细介绍了海鲜中 PAH 的分析方法的进展情况。化学实验室测量为评估因食用受 PAH 污染的海鲜而对人类健康造成的潜在风险提供了重要数据。本文综述和讨论了在 PAH 污染海鲜的情况下进行人类健康风险评估的主要方法，为风险评估框架的每一步提供了有见地和指导性的工具。
