Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK.
Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Prev Vet Med. 2022 Aug;205:105684. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2022.105684. Epub 2022 Jun 2.
Strategic decision making in animal healthcare involves an array of complex factors interacting for the allocation of scarce resources. Consequently, modelling techniques which consider the actions and interactions of multiple decision makers, such as game theory and agency theory, have potential to provide insight of past and future interventions and policy which seek to improve economic efficiency. This scoping review aimed to identify, describe, and synthesise literature relating to multi-actor strategic decision making in animal healthcare. Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, CAB direct, EconLit, and AnthroSource were searched for literature published until November 2020. Studies were included if they were written in English, modelled strategic decisions between multiple actors, and contained information that related to animal healthcare practices. Data were analysed within the context of a conceptual framework based on strategic decision-making literature and modelling techniques. The identified literature (n = 31) had a strong focus on livestock healthcare and particularly on cattle (n = 13). Most studies (27/31) examined decisions concerning infectious disease and seven studies used compartmental models to include disease prevalence data. Almost all the articles (n = 30) used the monetary outcome of strategic decisions as a basis for expected utility, either through direct profit maximisation or via the aversion of losses. Nine studies used discursive and conceptual models to describe the strategic decision-making process, providing a wide lens by which to view decisions and opportunity to discuss the role of behavioural contributors to utility. Twenty-two studies used formal mathematical models to describe strategic decisions and used model solutions to provide recommendations to a specific problem, ten of which were parameterised with empirical data. Consequently, 20 articles provided specific policy recommendations to improve the welfare output of a system, the majority of which suggested the need for an increased level of state intervention in the animal health sector. This review describes the range of studies which have approached strategic decision making in animal healthcare through multi-player modelling techniques. These modelling techniques provide opportunity to consider the perspectives of multiple stakeholders and to combine economic and epidemiological data which may be beneficial to the development of animal health interventions.
动物保健中的战略决策涉及一系列复杂因素，这些因素相互作用以分配稀缺资源。因此，考虑多个决策者的行为和相互作用的建模技术，如博弈论和代理理论，有可能为过去和未来的干预措施以及旨在提高经济效率的政策提供见解。本范围综述旨在确定、描述和综合与动物保健中的多方战略决策相关的文献。在 2020 年 11 月之前，在 Embase、Web of Science、PubMed、CAB direct、EconLit 和 AnthroSource 中搜索发表的文献。如果研究是用英文撰写的、对多个行为者之间的战略决策进行建模且包含与动物保健实践相关的信息，则将其纳入研究。在基于战略决策文献和建模技术的概念框架内对数据进行分析。确定的文献（n=31）主要关注家畜保健，特别是牛（n=13）。大多数研究（27/31）研究了传染病相关的决策，有 7 项研究使用了房室模型来包含疾病流行率数据。几乎所有文章（n=30）都将战略决策的货币结果作为预期效用的基础，要么通过直接利润最大化，要么通过避免损失。有 9 项研究使用话语和概念模型来描述战略决策过程，提供了广泛的视角来观察决策，并讨论了行为因素对效用的作用。22 项研究使用正式的数学模型来描述战略决策，并使用模型解决方案为特定问题提供建议，其中 10 项研究使用经验数据进行参数化。因此，有 20 篇文章提供了具体的政策建议，以提高系统的福利产出，其中大多数建议增加国家对动物卫生部门的干预。本综述描述了通过多方建模技术研究动物保健中的战略决策的一系列研究。这些建模技术提供了考虑多个利益相关者的视角并结合经济和流行病学数据的机会，这可能有助于动物健康干预措施的制定。
