Laboratoire de Psychologie Cognitive, Aix-Marseille University and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Campus St Charles, 3 Place Victor Hugo, 13331, Marseille, France.
Institute for Language Communication and the Brain, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2022 Dec;29(6):2284-2292. doi: 10.3758/s13423-022-02132-x. Epub 2022 Jun 29.
The present study investigated transposed-word effects in a post-cued word-in-sequence identification experiment. Five horizontally aligned words were simultaneously presented for a brief duration and followed by a backward mask and cue for the position of the word to be identified within the sequence. The five-word sequences could form a grammatically correct sentence (e.g., The boy can run fast), an ungrammatical transposed-word sequence (e.g., The can boy run fast) or an ungrammatical control sequence (e.g., The can get run fast), and the same target word at the same position (e.g., the word 'run') was tested in the three conditions. Consistent with previous studies using a grammatical decision task and a same-different matching task, a transposed-word effect was observed, with word identification being more accurate in transposed-word sequences than in control sequences. Furthermore, here we could show for the first time that word identification was more accurate in correct sentences compared with transposed-word sequences. We suggest that the word identification advantage found for transposed-word sequences compared with ungrammatical control sequences is due to facilitatory feedback to word identities from sentence-level representations, albeit with less strength compared to the feedback provided by correct sentences.
本研究在一个后测提示词的词序识别实验中调查了变位词效应。五个水平排列的单词会同时短暂呈现，之后会出现一个倒转掩蔽和提示，提示词在序列中的位置。这五个单词序列可以组成一个语法正确的句子（例如，男孩可以跑得快），一个语法不正确的变位词序列（例如，男孩可以跑快），或者一个语法不正确的控制序列（例如，男孩可以得到跑快），并且在这三个条件下测试相同的目标词在相同的位置（例如，单词“run”）。与之前使用语法决策任务和相同-不同匹配任务的研究一致，观察到了变位词效应，在变位词序列中单词识别的准确性高于控制序列。此外，在这里我们首次表明，与变位词序列相比，正确句子中的单词识别更准确。我们认为，与不完整的控制序列相比，在变位词序列中发现的单词识别优势是由于来自句子水平表示的对单词身份的促进反馈，尽管与正确句子提供的反馈相比，其强度较小。
