Alenzi Khalidah A, Albalawi Wafi F, Alanazi Tahani S, Alanazi Najah S, Alsuhaibani Deemah S, Almuwallad Nouf, Alshammari Thamir M
Ministry of Health, Regional Drug Information &Pharmacovigilance Center, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Saudi Pharm J. 2022 May;30(5):562-569. doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.02.015. Epub 2022 Feb 25.
On March 11th, 2020, The World Health Organization (WHO) declared that the COVID-19 is a pandemic due to its worldwide spread. The COVID-19 pandemic has extended its impact to Saudi Arabia. By mid-February 2021, The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has reported more than 373,000 COVID-19 cases impacting different population categories (i.e., male, female, different age groups, comorbidities status). The objective of this nationwide study was to describe and explore the characteristics of hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia.
This study was an observational epidemiological study based on collected clinical data from ten health institutions across all regions in Saudi Arabia. The study was conducted during the period from March 2nd, 2020, to January 31st, 2021. The data were collected included demographics, medical information, medications, and laboratory and diagnostic. More detailed information on usually missing factors such as smoking status, comorbidities, length of hospital stay were also collected. Both descriptive and inferential analyses were conducted using the statistical analysis software "SAS®" version 9.4.
During the study period, 5286 patients were included in this study. Of these, (79.15%) were male. Of all 5286 patients, quite a high number of the studied population 2010 (38.02%) were smokers. The majority of the patients 3436 (65%) were reported to have comorbidities, with hypertension being the most common disease 1725 (32.6%), followed by diabetes 1641(31.04%). A high proportion of the patients, 2220 patients (41.99%), were admitted to the intensive care unit; of these, (33.52%) were on mechanical ventilation. Most patients received anticoagulant prophylaxis medications (n = 4414, 83.5%). All patients were given more than one antibiotic prophylaxis. Overall, the median hospital stay was 5.5 days, and the median length in the intensive care unit was 4.26 days. Around (89.14%) of patients were discharged from the hospital, and (10.8%) died.
In this real-world study utilizing a large sample size, this study provides confirmatory results on the COVID-19 patients characteristics that are similar to other populations. Healthcare professionals need to give COVID-19 patients with specific characteristics including smoking, diabetes mellitus and cardiac disease more care to avoid losing these patients.
2020年3月11日，世界卫生组织（WHO）宣布，由于新冠病毒在全球范围内传播，新冠疫情已成为大流行病。新冠疫情的影响已扩展至沙特阿拉伯。截至2021年2月中旬，沙特阿拉伯王国已报告超过37.3万例新冠病例，这些病例影响了不同人群类别（即男性、女性、不同年龄组、合并症状况）。这项全国性研究的目的是描述和探索沙特阿拉伯确诊感染新冠病毒的住院患者的特征。
本研究是一项观察性流行病学研究，基于从沙特阿拉伯所有地区的10家医疗机构收集的临床数据。研究于2020年3月2日至2021年1月31日期间进行。收集的数据包括人口统计学、医疗信息、用药情况以及实验室和诊断信息。还收集了关于通常缺失因素的更详细信息，如吸烟状况、合并症、住院时间。使用统计分析软件“SAS®”9.4版进行描述性和推断性分析。
在研究期间，本研究纳入了5286名患者。其中，79.15%为男性。在所有5286名患者中，相当高比例的研究人群2010人（38.02%）为吸烟者。据报告，大多数患者3436人（65%）患有合并症，其中高血压最为常见，有1725人（32.6%），其次是糖尿病1641人（31.04%）。高比例患者，即2220名患者（41.99%）被收治入重症监护病房；其中，33.52%需要机械通气。大多数患者接受了抗凝预防药物治疗（n = 4414，83.5%）。所有患者均接受了不止一种抗生素预防治疗。总体而言，中位住院时间为5.5天，在重症监护病房的中位时长为4.26天。约89.14%的患者出院，10.8%的患者死亡。
在这项使用大样本量的实际研究中，本研究提供了与其他人群相似的新冠患者特征的确证性结果。医护人员需要给予具有特定特征（包括吸烟、糖尿病和心脏病）的新冠患者更多护理，以避免失去这些患者。
