Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
Front Immunol. 2022 Jun 13;13:921894. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.921894. eCollection 2022.
Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common subtype of childhood leukemia, which is characterized by the abnormal proliferation and accumulation of immature lymphoid cell in the bone marrow. Although the long-term survival rate for pediatric ALL has made significant progress over years with the development of contemporary therapeutic regimens, patients are still suffered from relapse, leading to an unsatisfactory outcome. Since the immune system played an important role in the progression and relapse of ALL, immunotherapy including bispecific T-cell engagers and chimeric antigen receptor T cells has been demonstrated to be capable of enhancing the immune response in pediatric patients with refractory or relapsed B-cell ALL, and improving the cure rate of the disease and patients' quality of life, thus receiving the authorization for market. Nevertheless, the resistance and toxicities associated with the current immunotherapy remains a huge challenge. Novel therapeutic options to overcome the above disadvantages should be further explored. In this review, we will thoroughly discuss the emerging immunotherapeutics for the treatment of pediatric ALL, as well as side-effects and new development.
小儿急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）是儿童白血病中最常见的类型，其特征是骨髓中不成熟淋巴细胞的异常增殖和积累。尽管随着当代治疗方案的发展，小儿 ALL 的长期生存率有了显著提高，但患者仍会复发，导致治疗效果不理想。由于免疫系统在 ALL 的进展和复发中起着重要作用，免疫疗法包括双特异性 T 细胞衔接器和嵌合抗原受体 T 细胞已被证明能够增强耐药或复发 B 细胞 ALL 患儿的免疫反应，提高疾病的治愈率和患者的生活质量，因此获得了市场批准。然而，当前免疫疗法相关的耐药性和毒性仍然是一个巨大的挑战。应该进一步探索克服上述缺点的新型治疗选择。在这篇综述中，我们将深入讨论新兴的免疫疗法治疗小儿 ALL 以及相关的副作用和新进展。
