Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
College of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China.
PLoS One. 2022 Jun 30;17(6):e0268615. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268615. eCollection 2022.
Beijing and Tianjin are two of the largest cities in northern China with high population densities and highly developed manufacturing industries. In the past decade, some authors have reported their PAH concentrations in surface soils, identified their sources and quantitatively reported their health risks. However, the contributions of different PAH sources to their toxicity have not been reported thus far. In this study, we reviewed the PAH concentrations, contributions of different sources to the toxicity, and cancer risks in soils from different land use types found within Beijing and Tianjin from data gathered by 41 studies. The total PAH concentration varied in the range of 175.7-1989.0 ng g-1 with a higher median PAH concentration detected in urban soils (789.7 ng g-1), followed by suburban soils (647.3 ng g-1) and rural soils (390.8 ng g-1). Source identification using diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis (PCA) suggested that the PAHs in all three land use types mainly originated from biomass and coal combustion, vehicular emissions, and petrogenic processes with contributions varying from 13% to 62%. Furthermore, results from a positive matrix factorization (PMF) model suggested that vehicular emissions and coal combustion in urban soils, and the vehicular emissions, coal combustion and biomass combustion in suburban and rural soils dominated the total PAH concentrations (>85%). These results were consistent with those of the PCA model. Results of the additional toxicity apportionment performed using the PMF model suggested that vehicular emissions and coal combustion contributed the most to the toxic equivalent quantity for Benzo(a)Pyrene (BaPTEQ) and, by extension, to the carcinogenic potencies. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) values suggested a low risk level for adults exposed to PAHs in the different land use types found within Beijing and Tianjin.
北京和天津是中国北方人口密度高、制造业高度发达的两个最大城市。在过去的十年中，一些作者已经报告了它们在地表土壤中的多环芳烃浓度，确定了它们的来源，并定量报告了它们的健康风险。然而，迄今为止，尚未报道不同多环芳烃来源对其毒性的贡献。在这项研究中，我们综述了北京和天津不同土地利用类型土壤中多环芳烃浓度、不同来源对毒性的贡献和致癌风险，数据来自 41 项研究。总多环芳烃浓度范围为 175.7-1989.0ng/g-1，城市土壤中多环芳烃浓度中位数较高（789.7ng/g-1），其次是郊区土壤（647.3ng/g-1）和农村土壤（390.8ng/g-1）。利用诊断比值和主成分分析（PCA）进行的源识别表明，三种土地利用类型中的多环芳烃主要来源于生物质和煤炭燃烧、机动车排放和石油成因过程，贡献比例从 13%到 62%不等。此外，正矩阵因子分解（PMF）模型的结果表明，城市土壤中的机动车排放和煤炭燃烧，以及郊区和农村土壤中的机动车排放、煤炭燃烧和生物质燃烧主导了总多环芳烃浓度（>85%）。这些结果与 PCA 模型的结果一致。PMF 模型进行的额外毒性分配结果表明，机动车排放和煤炭燃烧对苯并[a]芘（BaPTEQ）的等效毒性量和致癌潜力贡献最大。增量终生癌症风险（ILCR）值表明，北京和天津不同土地利用类型中接触多环芳烃的成年人处于低风险水平。
