Student Research Committee, Student Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR, Iran; Department of Nutrition Sciences, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR, Iran.
Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2022 Jul;16(7):102540. doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102540. Epub 2022 Jun 11.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Some studies showed that dietary factors such as whey protein (WP) are effective on glycemic regulation. Due to the current controversy about WP effects and mechanisms of its action on glycemic control, we conducted this systematic review to shed light on the subject.
Web of Science, Medline (Pubmed), and Scopus online databases were searched from 2012 up to February 2022 using the following keywords: "whey protein" and "glycemic control"/"glycemia"/"glucose"/"insulin". The search included original English articles, human clinical trials with WP supplementation and measurement of glucose or insulin as an outcome, studies on healthy individuals/patients with diabetes mellitus (DM)/impaired fasting glucose (IFG).
Title/abstract of 1991 studies were reviewed. After excluding studies due to inappropriate full title and duplication, and exercising inclusion criteria, 58 studies were reviewed in detail. Ample evidence showed that WP decreased postprandial glucose incremental area under the curve (iAUC) and increased iAUCs of insulin and incretin hormones. WP affects glycemic control mainly through stimulating insulin and incretins secretion, slowing gastric emptying, and appetite suppression.
Although most of the recent evidence showed beneficial effects of WP supplementation on glycemic response, further long-term clinical trials are required which assess the long-term impact of WP supplementation and its exact mechanisms.
背景/目的：一些研究表明，膳食因素如乳清蛋白（WP）对血糖调节有效。由于目前关于 WP 作用及其对血糖控制作用机制的争议，我们进行了这项系统评价，以阐明这一主题。
我们使用以下关键词在 2012 年至 2022 年 2 月期间在 Web of Science、Medline（Pubmed）和 Scopus 在线数据库中进行了搜索：“whey protein”和“glycemic control”/“glycemia”/“glucose”/“insulin”。搜索包括原始英文文章、WP 补充和血糖或胰岛素作为结果的人体临床试验，以及针对健康个体/糖尿病患者（DM）/空腹血糖受损（IFG）的研究。
对 1991 项研究的标题/摘要进行了审查。在排除了由于标题不完整和重复以及不符合纳入标准的研究后，详细审查了 58 项研究。大量证据表明 WP 降低了餐后血糖增量曲线下面积（iAUC），并增加了胰岛素和肠促胰岛素激素的 iAUC。WP 主要通过刺激胰岛素和肠促胰岛素的分泌、减缓胃排空和抑制食欲来影响血糖控制。
尽管最近的大多数证据表明 WP 补充对血糖反应有益，但需要进一步的长期临床试验来评估 WP 补充的长期影响及其确切机制。
