Tanneberger S
Z Gesamte Inn Med. 1987 Jan 1;42(1):7-12.
Since the introduction of the systematic development of cytostatic drugs at the beginning of the fifties ca. 1 million substances (natural products and synthetic ones) have undergone a screening and testing on continuously further developing biological systems. As a result nowadays more than ca. 20 cytostatic drugs of unequivocally proven value are at our disposal. According to their mechanism of action these preparations are subdivided into alkylantions, antimetabolites, antibiotics and substances of different efficacy. At present hormones as alternatives of the antineoplastic chemotherapy in carcinoma of the breast and the prostatic gland very dynamically develop. While cytostatic drugs in leukaemias, lymphomas, the chorionepithelioma as well as in the metastasizing carcinoma of the breast, the ovarial carcinoma and the small cell carcinoma of the lung nowadays render possible the prolongation of life, their final value is still to be clarified in other neoplastic diseases. At present the tumour chemotherapy experiences an extremely dynamic development. Hereby apart from after- and side-developments (analogues, derivatives) above all substances with principally new principle of action gain interest and importance (PALA, mitocentron, aminogluthetimide, interferon). The short-term and middle-term risks of antineoplastic drugs are relatively well known. Long-term investigations of side-effects of cytostatic drugs are still infrequent.
自五十年代初开始系统研发细胞毒性药物以来，约100万种物质（天然产物和合成物质）已在不断发展的生物系统上进行了筛选和测试。结果是，如今我们有超过20种已明确证实有价值的细胞毒性药物可供使用。根据其作用机制，这些制剂可分为烷化剂、抗代谢物、抗生素和具有不同功效的物质。目前，激素作为乳腺癌和前列腺癌抗肿瘤化疗的替代药物正在蓬勃发展。虽然细胞毒性药物在白血病、淋巴瘤、绒毛膜上皮癌以及转移性乳腺癌、卵巢癌和小细胞肺癌中如今已能延长生命，但它们在其他肿瘤疾病中的最终价值仍有待阐明。目前，肿瘤化疗正在经历极其蓬勃的发展。在此过程中，除了后续研发（类似物、衍生物）之外，最重要的是具有全新作用原理的物质（磷乙天冬氨酸、丝裂中心素、氨基谷氨酰胺、干扰素）受到关注并变得重要起来。抗肿瘤药物的短期和中期风险相对为人所知。对细胞毒性药物副作用的长期研究仍然较少。
