Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan.
International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan.
Sci Rep. 2022 Jun 30;12(1):11096. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-15066-0.
Eastern Asia is a major source of global air pollution. The distribution and intensity of these emissions are becoming well characterized, but their impact on the earth surface considering regional hydroclimatological settings has yet to be quantified. Here we show high-resolution spatiotemporal trace metal distributions of precipitation samples collected throughout the Japanese archipelago in 2013, when the world's coal consumption was the greatest, to depict the mass transportation and deposition of pollution. The results show that metals emitted through coal combustion transported from the continent via prevailing wind were intensively deposited along the western coast of the archipelago during winter due to heavy snowing, resulting in lead (Pb) concentration of precipitations exceed the critical level (> 10 μg l). About 1497 tons of Pb of continental origin loaded through wet deposition accounted for over ca. 87% of the total annual flux in 2013, which constituted ca. 18.5% of the total emissions from China in 2012. This study presents the first detailed picture of monsoon climate-controlled atmospheric metal transportation and loading in the hotspot region after the phase-out of leaded gasoline in the twentieth century. The dataset can serve as a base for evaluating the effect of countermeasures implemented recent year.
东亚是全球空气污染的主要来源。这些排放物的分布和强度已经得到很好的描述，但它们对地球表面的影响，考虑到区域水文气候条件，尚未被量化。在这里，我们展示了 2013 年在整个日本群岛收集的降水样本的高分辨率时空痕量金属分布情况，当时全球煤炭消耗达到了最大，以描绘污染物的大规模迁移和沉积。结果表明，通过煤炭燃烧排放的金属物质通过盛行风从大陆输送而来，由于冬季降雪量大，在群岛的西海岸密集沉积，导致铅（Pb）浓度超过了临界水平（>10μg l）。通过湿沉降携带的约 1497 吨大陆来源的 Pb 占 2013 年总通量的 87%以上，占 2012 年中国总排放量的 18.5%左右。本研究展示了在 20 世纪无铅汽油逐步淘汰后，季风气候控制的大气金属迁移和在热点地区沉积的第一幅详细图景。该数据集可用于评估近年来实施的对策的效果。
