Research Associate, Bio-Science Department, Central Pollution Control Board, Delhi, 110032, India.
Scientist 'E', Bio-Science Department, Central Pollution Control Board, Delhi, 110032, India.
Environ Monit Assess. 2022 Jun 30;194(8):546. doi: 10.1007/s10661-022-10158-w.
Bio-monitoring freshwater bodies using macro-invertebrates is an excellent way to detect biological water quality. Organic contamination in aquatic settings is well indicated by benthic macro-invertebrates. The use of macro-invertebrates to bio-monitor freshwater bodies is an effective method for determining biological water quality. Benthic macro-invertebrates are excellent indicators of organic pollution in aquatic environments. In the present study, the distribution of pollution-sensitive and pollution-tolerant families of benthic macro-invertebrates from 33 different locations along the Ganga River in Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and West Bengal was studied. Benthic macro-invertebrates collected from different studied locations were identified up to family level and it was observed that a total of 15 pollution-sensitive families belong to four taxonomic orders, while eight pollution-tolerant families come from two taxonomic orders. Several moderately tolerant families have also been observed, but in this paper the distribution of only pollution-sensitive and pollution-tolerant families is presented as they reflect the extreme states of organic pollution. In the majority of locations, the pollution-sensitive Ephemeroptera family Ameletidae predominated. Likewise, the pollution-tolerant families Chironomidae (order-Diptera) and Naididae (order-Oligochaeta) dominated the Ganga River locations. Besides, the relationship between macro-invertebrate diversity and physicochemical factors (pH, water temperature, and dissolved oxygen) was investigated, and 3D surface distribution maps were displayed for qualitative interpretation. The correlation coefficients for all parameters were found to be positive. Macro-invertebrate pollution indices for bio-monitoring are based on community impacts and assist in evaluating the success of action plans to prevent industrial and anthropogenic pollution that contributes to the Ganga.
利用大型无脊椎动物对淡水体进行生物监测是检测生物水质的一种极好方法。底栖大型无脊椎动物能很好地指示水生环境中的有机污染。利用大型无脊椎动物对淡水体进行生物监测是确定生物水质的有效方法。底栖大型无脊椎动物是水生环境中有机污染的良好指标。在本研究中，研究了来自北阿坎德邦、北方邦、比哈尔邦和西孟加拉邦恒河 33 个不同地点的底栖大型无脊椎动物的污染敏感和污染耐受科的分布。从不同研究地点采集的底栖大型无脊椎动物被鉴定到科水平，结果发现，共有 15 个污染敏感科属于四个分类阶元，而 8 个污染耐受科来自两个分类阶元。还观察到几个中度耐受的科，但在本文中仅呈现了污染敏感和污染耐受科的分布，因为它们反映了有机污染的极端状态。在大多数地点，污染敏感的蜉蝣科 Ameletidae 占主导地位。同样，污染耐受的摇蚊科（双翅目）和颤蚓科（寡毛纲）在恒河地点占主导地位。此外，还研究了大型无脊椎动物多样性与物理化学因素（pH 值、水温和溶解氧）之间的关系，并显示了用于定性解释的 3D 表面分布图。发现所有参数的相关系数均为正。用于生物监测的大型无脊椎动物污染指数基于群落影响，并有助于评估防止工业和人为污染的行动计划的成功，这些污染会导致恒河受到污染。
