Mandrile Luisa, D'Errico Chiara, Nuzzo Floriana, Barzan Giulia, Matić Slavica, Giovannozzi Andrea M, Rossi Andrea M, Gambino Giorgio, Noris Emanuela
Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM), Torino, Italy.
Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Torino, Italy.
Front Plant Sci. 2022 Jun 14;13:917226. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.917226. eCollection 2022.
Grapevine is one of the most cultivated fruit plant among economically relevant species in the world. It is vegetatively propagated and can be attacked by more than 80 viruses with possible detrimental effects on crop yield and wine quality. Preventive measures relying on extensive and robust diagnosis are fundamental to guarantee the use of virus-free grapevine plants and to manage its diseases. New phenotyping techniques for non-invasive identification of biochemical changes occurring during virus infection can be used for rapid diagnostic purposes. Here, we have investigated the potential of Raman spectroscopy (RS) to identify the presence of two different viruses, grapevine fan leaf virus (GFLV) and grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (GRSPaV) in cv. Chardonnay. We showed that RS can discriminate healthy plants from those infected by each of the two viruses, even in the absence of visible symptoms, with accuracy up to 100% and 80% for GFLV and GRSPaV, respectively. Chemometric analyses of the Raman spectra followed by chemical measurements showed that RS could probe a decrease in the carotenoid content in infected leaves, more profoundly altered by GFLV infection. Transcriptional analysis of genes involved in the carotenoid pathway confirmed that this biosynthetic process is altered during infection. These results indicate that RS is a cutting-edge alternative for a real-time dynamic monitoring of pathogens in grapevine plants and can be useful for studying the metabolic changes ensuing from plant stresses.
葡萄是世界上经济相关物种中种植最广泛的水果作物之一。它通过营养繁殖，可受到80多种病毒的侵袭，可能对作物产量和葡萄酒质量产生不利影响。依靠广泛而可靠的诊断的预防措施对于确保使用无病毒葡萄植株及其病害管理至关重要。用于非侵入性识别病毒感染期间发生的生化变化的新表型技术可用于快速诊断目的。在此，我们研究了拉曼光谱（RS）在霞多丽品种中识别两种不同病毒，即葡萄扇叶病毒（GFLV）和葡萄 rupestris 茎痘相关病毒（GRSPaV）的潜力。我们表明，即使在没有可见症状的情况下，RS也能将健康植株与感染这两种病毒之一的植株区分开来，对GFLV和GRSPaV的准确率分别高达100%和80%。对拉曼光谱进行化学计量分析并随后进行化学测量表明，RS可以检测到感染叶片中类胡萝卜素含量的降低，GFLV感染对其改变更为明显。对类胡萝卜素途径相关基因的转录分析证实，这种生物合成过程在感染期间发生了改变。这些结果表明，RS是实时动态监测葡萄植株中病原体的前沿替代方法，可用于研究植物胁迫引起的代谢变化。
