Hiller Edgar, Pilková Zuzana, Filová Lenka, Mihaljevič Martin, Špirová Veronika, Jurkovič Ľubomír
Department of Geochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
Department of Geochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
Chemosphere. 2022 Oct;305:135499. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135499. Epub 2022 Jun 28.
Community gardens are "green oases" of recent cities with many benefits for human society. From a human health perspective, these benefits can be damaged by chemical contamination of soil and cultivated vegetables. Using geochemical approaches, this study characterised (i) total metal(loid) concentrations in soils and two commonly grown vegetables in urban community gardens (Bratislava, Slovakia), (ii) gastrointestinal bioaccessibility using a modified physiologically based extraction test (PBET), and (iii) stable lead (Pb) isotopes in order to identify sources of metal(loid)s, solubilisation in the human body and migration of Pb from soil to vegetables. While some soils could be considered contaminated when compared to the Slovak legislation for agricultural soil, the bioaccessibility of metal(loid)s did not exceed 20% in the intestinal phase, with the exception of cadmium (Cd). Tomatoes and lettuce contained low total and bioaccessible concentrations of metal(loid)s, being safe for people who consume their own grown vegetables. There were differences in Pb isotope composition among bulk soils, vegetables and bioaccessible Pb, with less radiogenic Pb being preferentially mobilised. Statistical methods considering the compositional nature of the geochemical data and the enrichment factor (EF) distinguished well metal(loid)s of natural origin (As, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, V) from those with anthropogenic contributions. This research has shown the usefulness of integrating different methodologies to better understand the geochemistry of metal(loid)s in urban soils with their highly diversified sources.
社区花园是现代城市中的“绿色绿洲”，对人类社会有诸多益处。从人类健康的角度来看，土壤和种植蔬菜的化学污染可能会损害这些益处。本研究采用地球化学方法，对（i）斯洛伐克布拉迪斯拉发城市社区花园土壤及两种常见种植蔬菜中的总金属（类金属）浓度、（ii）使用改良的基于生理学的提取试验（PBET）测定的胃肠道生物可及性，以及（iii）稳定铅（Pb）同位素进行了表征，以确定金属（类金属）的来源、在人体中的溶解情况以及铅从土壤到蔬菜的迁移。虽然与斯洛伐克农业土壤法规相比，一些土壤可被视为受到污染，但除镉（Cd）外，金属（类金属）在肠道阶段的生物可及性不超过20%。西红柿和生菜中金属（类金属）的总含量和生物可及浓度较低，对于食用自家种植蔬菜的人来说是安全的。块状土壤、蔬菜和生物可及性铅之间的铅同位素组成存在差异，放射性较低的铅更易被迁移。考虑地球化学数据组成性质和富集因子（EF）的统计方法能够很好地区分天然来源的金属（类金属）（砷、钴、铬、铁、锰、镍、钒）和人为来源的金属（类金属）。这项研究表明，整合不同方法有助于更好地理解城市土壤中金属（类金属）的地球化学特征及其高度多样化的来源。
