Animal and Fish Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Alshatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria City, 11865, Egypt.
College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivore, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
Sci Rep. 2022 Jul 1;12(1):11135. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-14441-1.
The aim of this study was to determine the properties and quality characteristics of hair and cashmere fibres of three goat breeds raised in Southwest China, namely; Dazu black goat (DBG, n = 203; ♂99, ♀104), Inner Mongolia cashmere goat (IMCG, n = 65; 21♂, 44♀) and their first cross (F, n = 79; 39♂, 40♀). Totals of 5219, 2130 and 2981 fibre samples, from the three breeds respectively, were taken prior to shearing at 32.5 ± 01.25 months of age from four body sites; shoulder, side-portion, abdomen and leg. Breed effect was significant (P < 0.01) for most hair and cashmere properties. IMCG and F hair lengths were longer (P < 0.001) with less variable lengths than DBG. Shoulder hair diameters of the three breeds were not different (P > 0.05) but biggest of the side-portion and abdomen sites of DBG were bigger (P > 0.01), however, the biggest (P < 0.001) hair diameter was recorded for the leg site of F and the smallest (P > 0.01) for IMCG. IMCG recorded the longest value for cashmere lengths followed by DBG, while F recorded the lowest (P = 0.001), whilst F recorded the biggest (P = 0.001) diameter whereas no differences existed between parents' breeds. The cortical cell lengths of IMCG and DBG were 94.57 and 86.85 μm without significant difference detected between breeds. Differences between hair length and diameter for body sites of the studied goat breeds were significant (P < 0.01) but between whiteness, cashmere diameter and diameter of cortical cells were not. Sex had no significant effect on all hair/cashmere properties. Quality characteristics of cashmere fibres from IMCG and F were better (P < 0.001) than from DBG. Leg hair diameter, curl recovery rate and cashmere diameter were superior in the crossbred F compared to pure breed parents, and DBG was superior to IMCG for fibre elasticity and intensity traits. FGF-5 gene was detected as a candidate gene for hair and cashmere traits in IMCG breed. Whilst, KIT gene was found to be associated with coat colour in the studied breeds. Extra investigations to examine more cashmere goat breeds and crosses are needed to discover genetic variability in cashmere production locally and worldwide.
本研究旨在确定在中国西南部饲养的三个山羊品种（即大足黑山羊（DBG）、内蒙古绒山羊（IMCG）及其杂交一代（F））的毛发和羊绒纤维的特性和质量特征。总共从三个品种的四个身体部位（肩部、侧部、腹部和腿部）采集了 5219、2130 和 2981 个纤维样本，每个品种的样本数量分别为 203、65 和 79 个，所有样本均在 32.5±01.25 月龄时采集。品种效应对大多数毛发和羊绒特性都有显著影响（P<0.01）。IMCG 和 F 的毛长较长（P<0.001），长度变化较小。三个品种的肩部毛发直径没有差异（P>0.05），但 DBG 的侧部和腹部毛发直径最大（P>0.01），然而，F 的毛发直径最大（P<0.001），IMCG 的毛发直径最小（P>0.01）。IMCG 的羊绒长度最长，其次是 DBG，而 F 的羊绒长度最短（P=0.001），而 F 的羊绒直径最大（P=0.001），而父母品种之间没有差异。IMCG 和 DBG 的皮质细胞长度分别为 94.57 和 86.85 μm，品种间无显著差异。研究山羊品种的身体部位的毛发长度和直径差异显著（P<0.01），但毛发的白度、羊绒直径和皮质细胞直径差异不显著。性别对所有毛发/羊绒特性均无显著影响。IMCG 和 F 的羊绒纤维质量特征优于 DBG（P<0.001）。与纯种种群相比，杂交种 F 的腿部毛发直径、卷曲恢复率和羊绒直径更高，DBG 的纤维弹性和强度特征优于 IMCG。在 IMCG 品种中，FGF-5 基因被检测为毛发和羊绒特性的候选基因。同时，在研究的品种中发现 KIT 基因与毛色有关。需要进一步研究更多的羊绒山羊品种及其杂交种，以发现本地和全球羊绒生产中的遗传多样性。
