Gatorade Sports Science Institute, PepsiCo R&D, Barrington, IL, USA.
Beverage Processing Science and Technology, PepsiCo R&D, Barrington, IL, USA.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2022 Oct;122(10):2163-2174. doi: 10.1007/s00421-022-04989-1. Epub 2022 Jul 1.
To compare local sweating rate (LSR) and local sweat sodium ([Na]), chloride ([Cl]), and potassium ([K]) concentrations of tattooed skin and contralateral non-tattooed skin during exercise.
Thirty-three recreational exercisers (17 men, 16 women) with ≥ 1 unilateral permanent tattoo on the torso/arms were tested during cycling, running, or fitness sessions (26 ± 4 °C and 54 ± 13% relative humidity). Forty-eight tattoos with a range of ink colors, ages (3 weeks to 20 years), and densities (10-100%) were included. Before exercise, the skin was cleaned with alcohol and patches (3 M Tegaderm + Pad) were placed on the tattooed and contralateral non-tattooed skin. LSR was calculated from sweat mass (0.80 ± 0.31 g), patch surface area (11.9 cm), and duration (62 ± 14 min). Sweat [Na], [Cl], and [K] were measured via ion chromatography.
Based on the analysis of variance results, there were no differences between tattooed and non-tattooed skin for LSR (1.16 ± 0.52 vs. 1.12 ± 0.53 mg/cm/min; p = 0.51), sweat [Na] (60.2 ± 23.5 vs. 58.5 ± 22.7 mmol/L; p = 0.27), sweat [Cl] (52.1 ± 22.4 vs. 50.6 ± 22.0 mmol/L; p = 0.31), or sweat [K] (5.8 ± 1.6 vs. 5.9 ± 1.4 mmol/L; p = 0.31). Multiple regression analyses suggested that younger tattoos were associated with higher sweat [Na] (p = 0.045) and colorful tattoos were associated with higher sweat [Cl] (p = 0.04) compared with contralateral non-tattooed skin. Otherwise, there were no effects of LSR or tattoo characteristics on regression models for LSR or sweat electrolyte concentrations.
There were no effects of tattoos on LSR and sweat [K] during exercise-induced sweating, but tattoo age and color had small effects on sweat [Na] and sweat [Cl], respectively.
NCT04240951 was registered on January 27, 2020 and NCT04920266 was registered on June 9, 2021.
比较纹身皮肤和对侧非纹身皮肤在运动过程中的局部出汗率（LSR）和局部汗钠（[Na]）、氯（[Cl]）和钾（[K]）浓度。
33 名有≥1 个单侧永久性纹身的休闲运动员（17 名男性，16 名女性）在骑自行车、跑步或健身时进行了测试（26±4°C，相对湿度 54±13%）。共包括 48 个具有不同颜色、年龄（3 周至 20 年）和密度（10-100%）的纹身。在运动前，用酒精清洁皮肤，并在纹身和对侧非纹身皮肤上放置 3M Tegaderm + Pad 贴片。LSR 是根据汗液质量（0.80±0.31g）、贴片表面积（11.9cm）和持续时间（62±14min）计算得出的。通过离子色谱法测量汗液 [Na]、[Cl] 和 [K]。
基于方差分析结果，纹身和非纹身皮肤之间的 LSR（1.16±0.52 与 1.12±0.53mg/cm/min；p=0.51）、汗液 [Na]（60.2±23.5 与 58.5±22.7mmol/L；p=0.27）、汗液 [Cl]（52.1±22.4 与 50.6±22.0mmol/L；p=0.31）或汗液 [K]（5.8±1.6 与 5.9±1.4mmol/L；p=0.31）均无差异。多元回归分析表明，年轻的纹身与较高的汗液 [Na]（p=0.045）有关，而色彩丰富的纹身与较高的汗液 [Cl]（p=0.04）有关，而与对侧非纹身皮肤相比。否则，LSR 或纹身特征对 LSR 和汗液电解质浓度回归模型没有影响。
运动引起的出汗时，纹身对 LSR 和汗液 [K] 没有影响，但纹身的年龄和颜色对汗液 [Na] 和汗液 [Cl] 有较小的影响。
NCT04240951 于 2020 年 1 月 27 日注册，NCT04920266 于 2021 年 6 月 9 日注册。
