Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology (FAME), Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology (FAME), Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Oct 20;844:157045. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157045. Epub 2022 Jun 30.
Water bodies in densely populated lowland areas are often impacted by multiple stressors. At these multi-stressed sites, it remains challenging to quantify the contribution of contaminated sediments. This study, therefore, aimed to elucidate the contribution of sediment contamination in 16 multi-stressed drainage ditches throughout the Netherlands. To this end an adjusted TRIAD framework was applied, where 1) contaminants and other variables in the sediment and the overlying water were measured, 2) whole-sediment laboratory bioassays were performed using larvae of the non-biting midge Chironomus riparius, and 3) the in situ benthic macroinvertebrate community composition was determined. It was hypothesized that the benthic macroinvertebrate community composition would respond to all jointly present stressors in both water and sediment, whereas the whole-sediment bioassays would only respond to the stressors present in the sediment. The benthic macroinvertebrate community composition was indeed related to multiple stressors in both water and sediment. Taxa richness was positively correlated with the presence of PO-P in the water, macrophyte cover and some pesticides. Evenness, the number of Trichoptera families and the SPEAR were positively correlated to the C:P ratios in the sediment, whilst negative correlations were observed with various contaminants in both the water and sediment. The whole-sediment bioassays with C. riparius positively related to the nutrient content of the sediment, whereas no negative relations to the sediment-associated contaminants were observed, even though the lowered SPEAR index indicated contaminant effects in the field. Therefore, it was concluded that sediment contamination was identified as one of the various stressors that potentially drove the benthic macroinvertebrate community composition in the multi-stressed drainage ditches, but that nutrients may have masked the adverse effects caused by low and diverse sediment contaminants on C. riparius in the bioassays.
人口稠密的低地地区的水体经常受到多种胁迫因素的影响。在这些多胁迫的地点，量化受污染沉积物的贡献仍然具有挑战性。因此，本研究旨在阐明荷兰 16 条多胁迫排水渠中沉积物污染的贡献。为此，应用了调整后的 TRIAD 框架，其中 1）测量沉积物和上覆水中的污染物和其他变量，2）使用非吸血蠓幼虫 Chironomus riparius 进行全沉积物实验室生物测定，以及 3）确定原位底栖大型无脊椎动物群落组成。研究假设底栖大型无脊椎动物群落组成将对水和沉积物中所有共同存在的胁迫因素做出反应，而全沉积物生物测定仅对沉积物中存在的胁迫因素做出反应。底栖大型无脊椎动物群落组成确实与水和沉积物中的多种胁迫因素有关。丰富度与水中的 PO-P 存在、大型植物覆盖率和一些农药呈正相关。均匀度、毛翅目科数和 SPEAR 与沉积物中的 C:P 比呈正相关，而与水和沉积物中的各种污染物呈负相关。用 C. riparius 进行的全沉积物生物测定与沉积物的养分含量呈正相关，而与沉积物相关的污染物没有观察到负相关，尽管降低的 SPEAR 指数表明现场存在污染物效应。因此，结论是沉积物污染被确定为潜在驱动多胁迫排水渠底栖大型无脊椎动物群落组成的各种胁迫因素之一，但营养物质可能掩盖了生物测定中低浓度和多样化的沉积物污染物对 C. riparius 的不利影响。
