Boehm Mannfred M A, Guevara-Apaza David, Jankowski Jill E, Cronk Quentin C B
Department of Botany University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada.
Biodiversity Research Centre University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada.
Ecol Evol. 2022 Jun 5;12(6):e8988. doi: 10.1002/ece3.8988. eCollection 2022 Jul.
The Andean bellflowers comprise an explosive radiation correlated with shifts to specialized pollination. One diverse clade has evolved with extremely curved floral tubes and is predicted to be pollinated exclusively by one of two parapatric species of sicklebill hummingbirds (). In this study, we focused on the floral biology of , a bellflower thought to be specialized for pollination by , in a montane cloud forest site in southeastern Peru. Using camera traps and a pollination exclusion experiment, we documented . as the sole pollinator of . . Visitation by . was necessary for fruit development. Flowering rates were unequivocally linear and conformed to the "steady-state" phenological type. Over the course of >1800 h of monitoring, we recorded 12 . visits totaling 42 s, indicating traplining behavior. As predicted by its curved flowers, . is exclusively pollinated by buff-tailed sicklebill within our study area. We present evidence for the congruence of phenology and visitation as a driver of specialization in this highly diverse clade of Andean bellflowers.
安第斯风铃草构成了一个与向特化授粉转变相关的快速辐射演化类群。一个多样化的分支已经进化出极其弯曲的花管，预计仅由两种相邻分布的镰嘴蜂鸟中的一种进行授粉。在本研究中，我们聚焦于一种风铃草的花生物学特性，这种风铃草被认为是由[镰嘴蜂鸟名称]特化授粉的，研究地点位于秘鲁东南部的山地云雾森林。通过使用相机陷阱和授粉排除实验，我们记录到[镰嘴蜂鸟名称]是[风铃草名称]的唯一传粉者。[镰嘴蜂鸟名称]的访花行为对果实发育是必要的。开花率呈明显的线性，符合“稳态”物候类型。在超过1800小时的监测过程中，我们记录到[镰嘴蜂鸟名称]访花12次，总计42秒，表明其具有路线觅食行为。正如其弯曲花朵所预示的那样，在我们的研究区域内，[风铃草名称]仅由黄尾镰嘴蜂鸟授粉。我们提供了证据，证明物候和访花行为的一致性是这个高度多样化的安第斯风铃草分支特化的驱动因素。
