School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.
Front Public Health. 2022 Jun 16;10:908302. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.908302. eCollection 2022.
Cancer remains a major public health problem, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) where the provision of health care is poor. This scoping review mapped evidence in the literature regarding the burden of cervical, breast and prostate cancers in SSA.
We conducted this scoping review using the Arksey and O'Malley framework, with five steps: identifying the research question; searching for relevant studies; selecting studies; charting the data; and collating, summarizing, and reporting the data. We performed all the steps independently and resolved disagreements through discussion. We used Endnote software to manage references and the Rayyan software to screen studies.
We found 138 studies that met our inclusion criteria from 2,751 studies identified through the electronic databases. The majority were retrospective studies of mostly registries and patient files ( = 77, 55.8%), followed by cross-sectional studies ( = 51, 36.9%). We included studies published from 1990 to 2021, with a sharp increase from 2010 to 2021. The quality of studies was overall satisfactory. Most studies were done in South Africa ( = 20) and Nigeria ( = 17). The majority were on cervical cancer ( = 93, 67.4%), followed by breast cancer (67, 48.6%) and the least were on prostate cancer (48, 34.8%). Concerning the burden of cancer, most reported prevalence and incidence. We also found a few studies investigating mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and years of life lost (YLL).
We found many retrospective record review cross-sectional studies, mainly in South Africa and Nigeria, reporting the prevalence and incidence of cervical, breast and prostate cancer in SSA. There were a few systematic and scoping reviews. There is a scarcity of cervical, breast and prostate cancer burden studies in several SSA countries. The findings in this study can inform policy on improving the public health systems and therefore reduce cancer incidence and mortality in SSA.
癌症仍然是一个主要的公共卫生问题，尤其是在撒哈拉以南非洲（SSA），那里的医疗保健水平较差。本范围界定审查旨在绘制 SSA 地区宫颈癌、乳腺癌和前列腺癌负担的文献证据。
我们使用 Arksey 和 O'Malley 框架进行了这项范围界定审查，共分为五个步骤：确定研究问题；搜索相关研究；选择研究；制定图表；以及整理、总结和报告数据。我们独立完成了所有步骤，并通过讨论解决了分歧。我们使用 Endnote 软件管理参考文献，并使用 Rayyan 软件筛选研究。
我们从电子数据库中确定了 2751 项研究，其中有 138 项符合我们的纳入标准。这些研究大多是基于注册和患者档案的回顾性研究（n=77，55.8%），其次是横断面研究（n=51，36.9%）。我们纳入的研究发表时间从 1990 年至 2021 年，2010 年至 2021 年呈急剧增加趋势。研究的总体质量令人满意。大多数研究都在南非（n=20）和尼日利亚（n=17）进行。其中大部分是关于宫颈癌（n=93，67.4%），其次是乳腺癌（n=67，48.6%），而前列腺癌的研究最少（n=48，34.8%）。关于癌症负担，大多数研究报告了患病率和发病率。我们还发现了一些研究调查了死亡率、残疾调整生命年（DALYs）和生命损失年（YLL）。
我们发现了许多回顾性记录审查的横断面研究，主要在南非和尼日利亚进行，报告了 SSA 地区宫颈癌、乳腺癌和前列腺癌的患病率和发病率。也有一些系统评价和范围界定审查。在一些 SSA 国家，关于宫颈癌、乳腺癌和前列腺癌负担的研究很少。本研究的结果可以为改善公共卫生系统的政策提供信息，从而降低 SSA 的癌症发病率和死亡率。
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