Lindsay R
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1987 May;156(5):1347-51. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(87)90177-3.
Many studies have shown that bone loss accelerates after oophorectomy or the menopause. If estrogen replacement therapy is instituted soon after the onset of these changes, much of this bone loss, and subsequent fractures, can be prevented. Most investigations have evaluated the effects of oral estrogens, but other routes of administration may be equally beneficial. The use of estrogens natural to the human also seems preferential. Several theories have been advanced regarding the mechanism of action of estrogen in this population. The most popular concept holds that estrogen stimulates calcitonin production, but other theories also must be considered since this is controversial and far from proven. A local action of estrogen on the skeleton cannot be ruled out. In addition to estrogen, calcium supplementation and exercise may have roles to play in the prevention and management of osteoporosis.
许多研究表明，卵巢切除术后或绝经后骨质流失会加速。如果在这些变化开始后不久就开始进行雌激素替代疗法，那么这种骨质流失以及随后的骨折大多是可以预防的。大多数研究评估了口服雌激素的效果，但其他给药途径可能同样有益。使用对人体天然的雌激素似乎也更具优势。关于雌激素在该人群中的作用机制，已经提出了几种理论。最流行的观点认为，雌激素会刺激降钙素的产生，但由于这一观点存在争议且远未得到证实，所以其他理论也必须加以考虑。不能排除雌激素对骨骼的局部作用。除了雌激素外，补充钙和运动在骨质疏松症的预防和管理中可能也发挥着作用。
