Lindsay R
Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1987 Sep(222):44-59.
Osteoporosis is a major public health problem, and its prevalence may be increasing. Unfortunately, once spinal fractures occur, the treatment of osteoporosis is less than satisfactory. Prevention is thus the preferred approach. To initiate a prevention program would require identification of those at greatest risk. Usually, small, thin, white or Asian women who have had an early menopause (or oophorectomy) can be considered most at risk. Other factors may include low calcium intake, inactivity, alcohol and cigarette consumption, and nulliparity. For those clinically thought to be at greatest risk, bone mass measurements may be used to more clearly define the population for whom preventive therapy would be indicated. Prevention consists of dietary and lifestyle alterations, primarily increases in calcium intake and exercise, and the judicious use of estrogens. Estrogen therapy remains the single most effective method for prevention of bone loss.
骨质疏松症是一个重大的公共卫生问题，其患病率可能正在上升。不幸的是，一旦发生脊柱骨折，骨质疏松症的治疗效果并不理想。因此，预防是首选方法。启动预防计划需要识别出风险最高的人群。通常，身材矮小、消瘦、白人或亚洲女性，且过早绝经（或接受过卵巢切除术）的人群被认为风险最高。其他因素可能包括钙摄入量低、缺乏运动、饮酒和吸烟以及未生育。对于临床认为风险最高的人群，可以使用骨量测量来更明确地界定适合进行预防性治疗的人群。预防措施包括饮食和生活方式的改变，主要是增加钙摄入量和进行运动，以及合理使用雌激素。雌激素疗法仍然是预防骨质流失的最有效方法。
