Paniagua C
Am J Psychother. 1987 Jan;41(1):104-16. doi: 10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1987.41.1.104.
Criticism of psychoanalysis as a scientific discipline has increased recently. Even though psychoanalytic theory deserves ample criticism by the scientific community for its ambiguous definitions, deficient construct validity and precarious operationalization of its procedures, as long as there are clinical observables susceptible of recording, psychoanalysis remains in the realm of science. The scientific merit is reviewed of some psychoanalytic concepts such as repression, the unconscious, psychic structures, and intrapsychic conflict. The possibility of objectivity, prediction, and confirmation of hypotheses is discussed.
近来，对精神分析作为一门科学学科的批评有所增加。尽管精神分析理论因其定义模糊、结构效度不足以及程序的操作化不稳定而理应受到科学界的充分批评，但只要存在易于记录的临床可观察现象，精神分析就仍处于科学领域。本文回顾了一些精神分析概念（如压抑、无意识、心理结构和心理内部冲突）的科学价值。还讨论了客观性、预测以及假设验证的可能性。
