O'Connor Daniel
Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
Expert Rev Vaccines. 2022 Sep;21(9):1205-1214. doi: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2093193. Epub 2022 Jul 5.
Vaccines have had a transformative impact on child health. Despite this impact, the immunological processes involved in protective responses are not entirely understood and vaccine development has been largely empirical. Recent technological advances offer the opportunity to reveal the immunology underlying vaccine response at an unprecedented resolution. These data could revolutionize the way vaccines are developed and tested and further augment their role in securing the health of children around the world.
Systems level information and tools are now being deployed by vaccinologists at all stages of the vaccine development pathway; however, this review will specifically describe some of the key findings that have be gleaned from multi-omics datasets collected in the context of childhood immunization.
Despite the success of vaccines, there remains hard-to-target pathogens, refractory to current vaccination strategies. Moreover, zoonotic diseases with pandemic potential are a threat to global health, as recently illustrated by COVID-19. Systems vaccinology holds a great deal of promise in revealing a greater understanding of vaccine responses and consequently modernizing vaccinology. However, there is a need for future studies - particularly in vulnerable populations that are targets for vaccination programmes - if this potential is to be fulfilled.
疫苗对儿童健康产生了变革性影响。尽管有此影响，但保护性反应所涉及的免疫过程尚未完全明了，疫苗研发在很大程度上一直是凭经验进行的。最近的技术进步提供了以前所未有的分辨率揭示疫苗反应背后免疫学的机会。这些数据可能会彻底改变疫苗研发和测试的方式，并进一步增强其在保障全球儿童健康方面的作用。
疫苗学家现在正在疫苗研发途径的各个阶段部署系统层面的信息和工具；然而，本综述将具体描述从儿童免疫接种背景下收集的多组学数据集中收集到的一些关键发现。
尽管疫苗取得了成功，但仍存在难以针对的病原体，对当前的疫苗接种策略具有抗性。此外，具有大流行潜力的人畜共患病对全球健康构成威胁，最近的新冠疫情就说明了这一点。系统疫苗学在更深入了解疫苗反应从而使疫苗学现代化方面具有很大的前景。然而，如果要实现这一潜力，未来需要开展研究——特别是针对作为疫苗接种计划目标的弱势群体。
