QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
GVN Centre of Excellence, Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Nat Rev Immunol. 2024 Sep;24(9):621-636. doi: 10.1038/s41577-024-01016-6. Epub 2024 Apr 3.
The World Health Organization recently declared a global initiative to control arboviral diseases. These are mainly caused by pathogenic flaviviruses (such as dengue, yellow fever and Zika viruses) and alphaviruses (such as chikungunya and Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses). Vaccines represent key interventions for these viruses, with licensed human and/or veterinary vaccines being available for several members of both genera. However, a hurdle for the licensing of new vaccines is the epidemic nature of many arboviruses, which presents logistical challenges for phase III efficacy trials. Furthermore, our ability to predict or measure the post-vaccination immune responses that are sufficient for subclinical outcomes post-infection is limited. Given that arboviruses are also subject to control by the immune system of their insect vectors, several approaches are now emerging that aim to augment antiviral immunity in mosquitoes, including Wolbachia infection, transgenic mosquitoes, insect-specific viruses and paratransgenesis. In this Review, we discuss recent advances, current challenges and future prospects in exploiting both vertebrate and invertebrate immune systems for the control of flaviviral and alphaviral diseases.
世界卫生组织最近宣布了一项控制虫媒病毒病的全球倡议。这些疾病主要由致病性黄病毒（如登革热、黄热病和 Zika 病毒）和甲病毒（如基孔肯雅热和委内瑞拉马脑炎病毒）引起。疫苗是这些病毒的关键干预措施，几种属的病毒都有已获得许可的人类和/或兽用疫苗。然而，许多虫媒病毒的流行性质给新疫苗的许可带来了障碍，这给 III 期疗效试验带来了后勤方面的挑战。此外，我们预测或衡量足以产生感染后临床前结果的疫苗接种后免疫反应的能力有限。鉴于虫媒病毒也受到其昆虫媒介的免疫系统的控制，现在出现了几种旨在增强蚊子抗病毒免疫的方法，包括沃尔巴克氏体感染、转基因蚊子、昆虫特异性病毒和共生体遗传转化。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了利用脊椎动物和无脊椎动物免疫系统控制黄病毒和甲病毒病的最新进展、当前挑战和未来前景。
