School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Department of Physical Therapy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
J Mot Behav. 2023;55(1):1-17. doi: 10.1080/00222895.2022.2088678. Epub 2022 Jul 3.
In adaptation learning, visual feedback impacts how adaptation proceeds. With concurrent feedback, a more implicit/feedforward process is thought to be engaged, compared to feedback after movement, which promotes more explicit processes. Due to discrepancies across studies, related to timing and type of visual feedback, we isolated these conditions here. Four groups (N = 52) practiced aiming under rotated feedback conditions; feedback was provided concurrently, immediately after movement (visually or numerically), or visually after a 3 s delay. All groups adapted and only delayed feedback attenuated implicit adaptation as evidenced by post-practice after-effects. Contrary to some suggestions, immediately presented offline and numeric feedback resulted in implicit after-effects, potentially due to comparisons between feedforward information and seen or imagined feedback.
在适应学习中，视觉反馈会影响适应的进行。与运动后反馈相比，在运动时提供反馈被认为更能激发内隐/前馈过程，而运动后反馈则促进更外显的过程。由于不同研究中视觉反馈的时间和类型存在差异，我们在这里将这些条件分开。四组（每组 52 人）在旋转反馈条件下练习瞄准；反馈是在运动时、运动后立即（视觉或数字）或运动后 3 秒延迟时提供的。所有组都进行了适应，只有延迟反馈减弱了内隐适应，这可以从练习后的后效中得到证明。与一些建议相反，立即呈现的离线和数字反馈会产生内隐后效，这可能是由于前馈信息与所见或想象的反馈之间的比较。
