Department of Orthodontics, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; School of Dentistry, Tuiuti University from Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
School of Dentistry, Tuiuti University from Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
Ann Anat. 2022 Oct;244:151977. doi: 10.1016/j.aanat.2022.151977. Epub 2022 Jul 2.
Multiple signaling molecules have been shown to play crucial roles in dental root development. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of S-shaped roots and also to investigate, if single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in BMP2, BMP4 and SMAD6 are associated with this phenotype in humans.
This is a cross-sectional phenotype-genotype association study that used radiographs to determine the phenotypes and DNA to investigate SNPs in candidate genes. During the radiographic exam, teeth presenting root canal(s) doubly curved were considered S-shaped roots. SNPs in BMP2 (rs1005464 and rs235768), BMP4 (rs17563) and SMAD6 (rs2119261 and rs3934908) were blindly genotyped by real-time PCR using TaqMan assay. The relative and absolute frequency of S-shaped roots were calculated. Chi-square test was used to compare the genotype distributions between control and S-shaped groups.
Among the 578 subjects, 61 (10.6 %) presented at least one tooth with an S-shaped root. The most commonly affected type of tooth was the premolar. rs1005464 in BMP2 was statistically associated with an S-shaped root (p = 0.036). rs235768 in BMP2 was associated with an S-shaped root also in mandibular teeth (p = 0.017). A statistical significance was observed for the rs3934908 in SMAD6 (p = 0.049) for S-shaped root in the mandible. In the analysis stratified according to the type of tooth, rs235768 in BMP2 was associated with S-shaped roots in premolars (p = 0.029).
The prevalence of S-shaped roots is 10.6 % in permanent teeth. SNPs in BMP2 and SMAD6 could be involved in a higher chance to present S-shaped roots.
已有研究表明，多种信号分子在牙齿根发育中起着至关重要的作用。因此，我们旨在调查 S 形根的流行情况，并探讨 BMP2、BMP4 和 SMAD6 中的单核苷酸多态性 (SNP) 是否与人类的这种表型相关。
这是一项横断面的表型-基因型关联研究，使用射线照相术确定表型，并使用 DNA 研究候选基因中的 SNP。在射线照相检查中，将具有双重弯曲根管的牙齿视为 S 形根。使用 TaqMan 分析通过实时 PCR 盲法检测 BMP2(rs1005464 和 rs235768)、BMP4(rs17563)和 SMAD6(rs2119261 和 rs3934908)中的 SNP。计算 S 形根的相对和绝对频率。使用卡方检验比较对照组和 S 形组的基因型分布。
在 578 名受试者中，有 61 名(10.6%)至少有一颗牙齿呈现 S 形根。最常受影响的牙齿类型是前磨牙。BMP2 中的 rs1005464 与 S 形根呈统计学相关(p=0.036)。BMP2 中的 rs235768 也与下颌牙齿的 S 形根相关(p=0.017)。SMAD6 中的 rs3934908 与下颌的 S 形根也有统计学意义(p=0.049)。根据牙齿类型进行分层分析时，BMP2 中的 rs235768 与前磨牙的 S 形根相关(p=0.029)。
恒牙中 S 形根的患病率为 10.6%。BMP2 和 SMAD6 中的 SNP 可能与出现 S 形根的几率增加有关。
