Department of Prosthodontics, Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, Kraków, Poland.
Private practice, Kraków, Poland.
Dent Med Probl. 2022 Apr-Jun;59(2):301-307. doi: 10.17219/dmp/133955.
The education of dentists is associated with high levels of stress among students. This phenomenon is observed in many countries.
The aim of the study was to sum up the knowledge about stress burden among dental students and to determine the causal factors on the basis of a quantitative systematic review of the literature.
The PubMed/MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases were reviewed, and the literature was manually searched for the following keywords: 'stress'; 'dental student'; 'dental education'; and 'DES questionnaire'. The inclusion criteria for the systematic literature review were original papers and literature reviews, published after 1990, written in English, containing the analysis of the DES questionnaires, and on the topic of stress among students of dentistry. The inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis were publications with the same thematic structure of the DES questionnaire and with the number of survey participants provided.
A total of 36 original papers were found, out of which 29 met the inclusion criteria, and thus were included into the systematic literature review analysis. Taking all the papers into consideration, the highest level of stress was caused by grades and examinations, and the atmosphere created by clinical professors. Nearly half of the studies demonstrated higher levels of stress in women. Also, students of higher years were characterized by higher stress indicators. The statistical analysis comprised data from 11 European universities that met the inclusion criteria. The highest mean scores were obtained for 'performance pressure', while the lowest mean scores for 'relationship with sex/race'.
There was a great heterogeneity among the pooled estimates, which could be attributed to the varying levels of stress among dental students. The students' ethnicity and cultural indicators have a decisive influence on the stress levels of dental students, not the characteristics of the field of study.
牙医的教育与学生的高度压力有关。这种现象在许多国家都有观察到。
本研究旨在总结牙科学生压力负担的知识，并根据文献的定量系统评价确定因果因素。
检索了 PubMed/MEDLINE 和 Cochrane Library 数据库，并手动搜索了以下关键词的文献：“压力”；“牙医学生”；“牙医教育”；和“DES 问卷”。系统文献综述的纳入标准是原创论文和文献综述，发表于 1990 年后，用英文撰写，包含对 DES 问卷的分析，以及牙科学生压力主题。荟萃分析的纳入标准是具有相同 DES 问卷主题结构且提供调查参与者数量的出版物。
共发现 36 篇原始论文，其中 29 篇符合纳入标准，因此纳入系统文献综述分析。考虑到所有论文，成绩和考试以及临床教授营造的氛围导致压力水平最高。近一半的研究表明女性压力水平较高。此外，高年级学生的压力指标较高。统计分析包括符合纳入标准的 11 所欧洲大学的数据。“绩效压力”的平均得分最高，而“与性别/种族的关系”的平均得分最低。
汇总估计值存在很大的异质性，这可能归因于牙科学生的压力水平不同。学生的种族和文化指标对牙科学生的压力水平有决定性的影响，而不是学习领域的特点。
