Owusu Isaac Kofi, Wiafe Yaw Amo, Opoku Stephen, Anto Enoch Odame, Acheamfour-Akowuah Emmanuel
Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Department of Medical Diagnostics, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Int J Gen Med. 2022 Jun 29;15:5849-5859. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S366688. eCollection 2022.
This study determined electrocardiographic and echocardiographic abnormalities of people living with HIV (PLWHIV); comparing the findings of PLWHIV on HAART versus treatment naïve groups.
In a prospective cross-sectional study, we recruited 157 PLWHIV on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) and 28 HAART naïve PLWHIV. Clinical examination, electrocardiography and echocardiography were performed on study participants at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) in Kumasi, Ghana. Sociodemographic data and information about the use of HAART or otherwise was obtained. The Chi and Fisher Exact tests were used to find the significance of difference in proportions of abnormalities between PLWHIV on HAART and treatment naïve groups. Statistical analyses were performed on SPSS version 25.0 and GraphPad Prism version 8.0. -values less than 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant.
Echocardiographic abnormalities in the HAART and treatment naïve groups were 54.1% and 60.7%, respectively. Electrographic abnormalities in the HAART and treatment naïve groups were 45.9% and 50%, respectively. Sinus bradycardia was the most prevalent ECG abnormality in the treatment naïve. Nonspecific T-wave changes (36.1%) and sinus tachycardia (30.6%) were the most common ECG abnormalities seen in HAART treated group. The common echocardiographic abnormalities were pulmonary hypertension (22.7%), pericardial effusion (22.2%) and left ventricular systolic dysfunction (17.8%). There was no significant difference in the proportions of echocardiographic abnormalities between PLWHIV on HAART and the treatment naïve groups ( > 0.05).
Cardiac abnormalities are common in PLWHIV regardless of treatment with HAART. Echocardiographic and electrographic assessments are highly recommended for all PLWHIV.
本研究确定了人类免疫缺陷病毒感染者（PLWHIV）的心电图和超声心动图异常情况；比较接受高效抗逆转录病毒治疗（HAART）的PLWHIV与未接受过治疗的PLWHIV的检查结果。
在一项前瞻性横断面研究中，我们招募了157名接受高效抗逆转录病毒治疗（HAART）的PLWHIV和28名未接受过HAART治疗的PLWHIV。在加纳库马西的孔福·阿诺凯教学医院（KATH）对研究参与者进行了临床检查、心电图检查和超声心动图检查。获取了社会人口统计学数据以及有关是否使用HAART的信息。采用卡方检验和Fisher精确检验来确定接受HAART治疗的PLWHIV与未接受过治疗的PLWHIV之间异常比例差异的显著性。使用SPSS 25.0版和GraphPad Prism 8.0版进行统计分析。P值小于0.05被认为具有统计学显著性。
接受HAART治疗组和未接受过治疗组的超声心动图异常率分别为54.1%和60.7%。接受HAART治疗组和未接受过治疗组的心电图异常率分别为45.9%和50%。窦性心动过缓是未接受过治疗组中最常见的心电图异常。非特异性T波改变（36.1%）和窦性心动过速（30.6%）是接受HAART治疗组中最常见的心电图异常。常见的超声心动图异常包括肺动脉高压（22.7%）、心包积液（22.2%）和左心室收缩功能障碍（17.8%）。接受HAART治疗的PLWHIV与未接受过治疗的PLWHIV之间超声心动图异常比例无显著差异（P>0.05）。
无论是否接受HAART治疗，PLWHIV中心脏异常都很常见。强烈建议对所有PLWHIV进行超声心动图和心电图评估。
