Collado Chazarra P, Santiñá Vila M
Máster Universitario en Fisioterapia del Tórax, Escuelas Universitarias Gimbernat, Barcelona, España.
Dirección de Calidad y Seguridad Clínica, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, España.
J Healthc Qual Res. 2023 Jan-Feb;38(1):50-58. doi: 10.1016/j.jhqr.2022.05.008. Epub 2022 Jul 2.
The number of survivors with cancer is growing worldwide, but the adverse effects of the radiotherapy are still frequent, affecting effort capacity, respiratory function and quality of life. The objective is to know how the physical exercise influences the respiratory function and tolerance to effort, in pacients with breast cancer after the radiotherapy treatment.
The searches were carried out in the databases of Pubmed, PEDro, Web Of Science, Cochrane, EMBASE, UptoDate and Tripdatabase. Were included studies with patients with breast cancer treated with radiotherapy and included in an exercise program. The main results were: maximum oxygen consumption, 6 minutes walking test, forced vital capacity, vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, total lounge capacity, inspiratory capacity, and the diffusion capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide.
The results show an increase of the effort capacity with 15% improvements in the maximum oxygen consumption and 6.675% in the 6 minutes walking test, while they are limited for the respiratory function.
The physical exercise is effective for improve the effort capacity in pacients with breast cancer treated with radiotherapy, without changes in the respiratory function. Nevertheless, new studies are necessary to investigate deeply how the physical exercise influences in those pacients, and the ideal design of the programs.
全球癌症幸存者的数量正在增加，但放射治疗的不良反应仍然很常见，会影响运动能力、呼吸功能和生活质量。目的是了解体育锻炼如何影响接受放射治疗后的乳腺癌患者的呼吸功能和运动耐力。
在PubMed、PEDro、科学网、Cochrane、EMBASE、UpToDate和Tripdatabase等数据库中进行检索。纳入的研究对象为接受放射治疗并参加运动项目的乳腺癌患者。主要结果包括：最大耗氧量、6分钟步行试验、用力肺活量、肺活量、1秒用力呼气量、肺总量、吸气量和肺一氧化碳弥散量。
结果显示运动能力有所提高，最大耗氧量提高了15%，6分钟步行试验提高了6.675%，而呼吸功能改善有限。
体育锻炼对提高接受放射治疗的乳腺癌患者的运动能力有效，且呼吸功能无变化。然而，需要进行新的研究来深入调查体育锻炼对这些患者的影响以及运动项目的理想设计。
