CESAM & Dbio, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal; CIIMAR-UP-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/n, 4450-208, Porto, Portugal.
CESAM & Dbio, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
Chemosphere. 2022 Nov;307(Pt 1):135583. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135583. Epub 2022 Jul 2.
Ultraviolet radiation (UV) and triclosan (TCS) affect the early development of marine fish; however, the corresponding molecular mechanisms are still not fully understood. Therefore, this work aims to study the effects of the single and combined exposure to these stressors during the thyroid-regulated metamorphosis of the flatfish Solea senegalensis. Sub-lethal exposure (5.89 kJ m UV and/or 0.546 and 1.090 mg L TCS for 48 h) was performed at the beginning of metamorphosis (13 days after hatching, dah), followed by a period in clean media until complete metamorphosis (24 dah). Malformations, metamorphosis progression, length, behavior and the expression of thyroid axis-related genes were studied. TCS induced malformations, decreased swimming performance, and induced metamorphosis acceleration at 15 dah, followed by a significant metamorphosis delay. Such effects were more noticeable in the presence of UV. The down-regulation of five thyroid axis-related genes occurred after exposure to TCS (15 dah), and after 9 days in clean media two genes were still down-regulated. UV exposure increased the effect of TCS by further down-regulating gene expression immediately after the exposure. Since several effects persisted after the period in clean media, implications of these stressors (mainly TCS) on the ecological performance of the species are suggested.
紫外线辐射 (UV) 和三氯生 (TCS) 会影响海洋鱼类的早期发育，但相应的分子机制仍不完全清楚。因此，本工作旨在研究这些应激源在比目鱼 Senegalensis 的甲状腺调节变态期间单一和联合暴露对其的影响。在变态开始时（孵化后 13 天，dah）进行亚致死暴露（5.89 kJ m UV 和/或 0.546 和 1.090 mg L TCS 持续 48 小时），然后在清洁介质中停留一段时间直至完全变态（24 dah）。研究了畸形、变态进展、长度、行为以及甲状腺轴相关基因的表达。TCS 诱导畸形，降低游泳性能，并在 15 dah 时加速变态，随后显著延迟变态。在存在 UV 的情况下，这种影响更为明显。TCS 暴露后，五个甲状腺轴相关基因下调，在清洁介质中 9 天后，仍有两个基因下调。UV 暴露通过在暴露后立即进一步下调基因表达，增强了 TCS 的作用。由于在清洁介质停留一段时间后仍存在多种影响，因此暗示这些应激源（主要是 TCS）对该物种的生态性能的影响。
