Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Chronic Brain Injury Initiative, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Sports Med. 2022 Nov;52(11):2759-2773. doi: 10.1007/s40279-022-01719-7. Epub 2022 Jul 6.
Concussions are common among youth athletes and could disrupt critical neurodevelopment. This study examined the association between age of first concussion (AFC) and neurocognitive performance, psychological distress, postural stability, and symptoms commonly associated with concussion in healthy collegiate men and women student athletes.
Participants included 4267 collegiate athletes from various contact, limited-contact, and non-contact sports (1818 women and 2449 men) who completed baseline assessments as part of the Concussion Assessment, Research and Education (CARE) Consortium. Psychological distress was assessed with the Brief Symptom Inventory 18; neurocognitive performance was assessed with the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT); symptoms commonly associated with concussion were assessed with the ImPACT Post-Concussion Symptom Scale; postural stability was assessed with the Balance Error Scoring System. Generalized linear models were used to examine the effects of AFC on clinical outcomes separately in men and women.
Later AFC was associated with lower global (Exp(B) = 0.96, P = 0.001) and somatic (Exp(B) = 0.96, P = 0.002) psychological distress on the Brief Symptom Inventory 18 and faster ImPACT reaction time (B = - 0.003, P = 0.001) in women. AFC was not associated with any clinical outcomes in men.
Younger AFC was associated with some differences in psychological distress and reaction time among women but not men; however, these results are likely not clinically meaningful. Sociodemographic disparities, pre-existing conditions, and sport type may impact clinical and cognitive outcomes in collegiate athletes more than concussion history. Future work should examine the relationship between AFC and lifespan-related outcomes.
脑震荡在青年运动员中很常见，可能会干扰关键的神经发育。本研究调查了首次脑震荡年龄（AFC）与神经认知表现、心理困扰、姿势稳定性以及与健康大学生男女运动员脑震荡相关的常见症状之间的关联。
参与者包括来自各种接触性、有限接触性和非接触性运动的 4267 名大学生运动员（1818 名女性和 2449 名男性），他们作为脑震荡评估、研究和教育（CARE）联盟的一部分完成了基线评估。心理困扰通过Brief Symptom Inventory 18 进行评估；神经认知表现通过即时脑震荡后评估和认知测试（ImPACT）进行评估；与脑震荡相关的常见症状通过 ImPACT 脑震荡后症状量表进行评估；姿势稳定性通过平衡错误评分系统进行评估。使用广义线性模型分别在男性和女性中检查 AFC 对临床结果的影响。
较晚的 AFC 与女性的总体（Exp(B)=0.96，P=0.001）和躯体（Exp(B)=0.96，P=0.002）心理困扰Brief Symptom Inventory 18 得分较低以及更快的 ImPACT 反应时间（B=-0.003，P=0.001）相关。AFC 与男性的任何临床结果均无关。
较年轻的 AFC 与女性的心理困扰和反应时间存在一些差异有关，但与男性无关；然而，这些结果可能没有临床意义。社会人口统计学差异、预先存在的疾病和运动类型可能比脑震荡史对大学生运动员的临床和认知结果产生更大的影响。未来的工作应研究 AFC 与与寿命相关的结果之间的关系。
