Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India.
Curr Neuropharmacol. 2023;21(5):1139-1164. doi: 10.2174/1570159X20666220706094248.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global healthcare concern and a leading cause of death. The most common causes of TBI include road accidents, sports injuries, violence in warzones, and falls. TBI induces neuronal cell death independent of age, gender, and genetic background. TBI survivor patients often experience long-term behavioral changes like cognitive and emotional changes. TBI affects social activity, reducing the quality and duration of life. Over the last 40 years, several rodent models have been developed to mimic different clinical outcomes of human TBI for a better understanding of pathophysiology and to check the efficacy of drugs used for TBI. However, promising neuroprotective approaches that have been used preclinically have been found to be less beneficial in clinical trials. So, there is an urgent need to find a suitable animal model for establishing a new therapeutic intervention useful for TBI. In this review, we have demonstrated the etiology of TBI and post- TBI social life alteration, and also discussed various preclinical TBI models of rodents, zebrafish, and drosophila.
创伤性脑损伤（TBI）是一个全球性的医疗保健关注点，也是导致死亡的主要原因之一。TBI 的最常见原因包括道路交通事故、运动损伤、战区暴力和跌倒。TBI 会导致神经元细胞死亡，与年龄、性别和遗传背景无关。TBI 幸存者常经历长期的行为变化，如认知和情绪变化。TBI 会影响社交活动，降低生活的质量和时长。在过去的 40 年中，已经开发了几种啮齿动物模型来模拟人类 TBI 的不同临床结果，以更好地了解病理生理学，并检查用于 TBI 的药物的疗效。然而，在临床上发现，在临床前使用的有前景的神经保护方法效果较差。因此，迫切需要找到合适的动物模型来建立新的治疗干预措施，以治疗 TBI。在这篇综述中，我们展示了 TBI 的病因和 TBI 后社会生活的改变，还讨论了各种啮齿动物、斑马鱼和果蝇的临床前 TBI 模型。
