Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City, Mexico.
Behav Neurol. 2022 Jun 25;2022:9045290. doi: 10.1155/2022/9045290. eCollection 2022.
Research suggests a significant association between increasing age and memory impairments. Nevertheless, for some individuals, memory performance stays within or above the normative values of younger subjects. This is known as successful memory aging and is associated with specific neurophysiological features and psychological and lifestyle-related variables. To date, little is known about the association between successful memory aging and intrinsic capacity (IC) defined as "the composite of all the physical and mental (including psychosocial) capacities that an individual can draw on at any point in time" and resilience. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine if longitudinal associations between IC and successful memory aging and resilience exist and to find differences in cognitive performance between Mexican older adults with successful memory aging, older adults with average memory, and older adults with memory impairment.
Longitudinal data from 590 individuals from the third wave (2012) and the Mex-Cog subsample (2016) of the Mexican Health and Aging Study was analysed. Subjects were classified into 3 groups: (1) older adults with successful memory aging (SUMA), (2) older adults with average memory (AVMA), and (3) older adults with memory impairment (IMA). Cognitive domains of orientation, language, attention, constructional praxis, and executive function were evaluated. IC and resilience were measured using items from the MHAS battery. Analysis of variance and multinomial logistic regressions were used to find differences in IC and resilience across the memory aging groups.
ANOVAs showed significant differences across the three cognitive performance groups in all cognitive domains. Multinomial logistic regression analyses revealed that respondents with higher scores in the psychological and cognitive domains of IC at baseline were more likely to have successful memory aging in the subsequent wave of the study. More resilient subjects in 2012 were not more likely to become a SUMA in 2016. However, this could be a result of the way resilience was measured.
Our main findings suggest that intrinsic capacity could be used as a predictor of successful memory aging specifically in the psychological and the cognitive domains. More longitudinal studies are needed to further examine these associations.
研究表明，年龄的增长与记忆力减退之间存在显著关联。然而，对于某些人来说，他们的记忆表现仍处于或高于年轻受试者的正常水平。这种现象被称为成功的记忆老化，与特定的神经生理特征以及心理和生活方式相关变量有关。迄今为止，人们对成功的记忆老化与内在能力（IC）之间的关联知之甚少，IC 被定义为“个体在任何时间点都可以利用的所有身体和心理（包括社会心理）能力的总和”以及韧性。因此，本研究的目的是确定 IC 与成功的记忆老化和韧性之间是否存在纵向关联，以及是否存在具有成功记忆老化的墨西哥老年人、记忆中等的老年人和记忆受损的老年人之间的认知表现差异。
分析了来自墨西哥健康与老龄化研究（Mexican Health and Aging Study）的第三波（2012 年）和 Mex-Cog 子样本（2016 年）的 590 名个体的纵向数据。研究对象分为 3 组：（1）具有成功记忆老化的老年人（SUMA），（2）具有平均记忆的老年人（AVMA），和（3）具有记忆障碍的老年人（IMA）。使用 MHAS 电池中的项目评估定向、语言、注意力、结构实践和执行功能等认知领域。使用 MHAS 电池中的项目测量内在能力和韧性。使用方差分析和多项逻辑回归分析来发现记忆老化组之间内在能力和韧性的差异。
方差分析显示，在所有认知领域，三个认知表现组之间存在显著差异。多项逻辑回归分析表明，在基线时内在能力的心理和认知领域得分较高的受访者在随后的研究波次中更有可能出现成功的记忆老化。在 2012 年更具韧性的受试者在 2016 年并不更有可能成为 SUMA。然而，这可能是因为韧性的测量方式。
我们的主要发现表明，内在能力可以作为成功记忆老化的预测指标，特别是在心理和认知领域。需要更多的纵向研究来进一步研究这些关联。
