Yeverino-Castro Sara G, Garza-Guerra José D, Aguilar-Díaz Gabriela E, González-Galván Célica R, Salinas-Martínez Ricardo, Morales-Delgado Rocío
Universitary Hospital "Dr. José E. González", Geriatric Service, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico.
CHRISTUS Center of Excellence and Innovation, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico.
Front Med (Lausanne). 2023 Jul 6;10:1207063. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1207063. eCollection 2023.
Maintaining older adults' health and well-being can be achieved through the optimization of physical and mental health, while preserving independence, social participation, and quality of life. Cognitive change has been described as a normal process of aging and it involves domains such as processing speed, attention, memory, language, visuospatial abilities, and executive functioning, among others.
To describe cognitive changes in older adults with healthy aging.
This is a study that involved data from 14,893 and 14,154 individuals aged >60 years or older from the 2012 and 2015 waves, respectively, who participated in the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS). Participants with healthy aging were identified and described in the MHAS-2012 wave and followed to 2015. Eight cognitive domains evaluated in the Cross-Cultural Cognitive Evaluation (CCCE,) as well as sociodemographic and health characteristics, were described. Criteria for healthy aging involved the following: CCCE ≥ -1.5 standard deviations above the mean on reference norms, independence on basic and instrumental activities of daily living, self-reported "life close to ideal," and preserved functional and social performance.
From a total of = 9,160 older adults from the MHAS-2012 wave, = 1,080 (11.8%) had healthy aging. In the healthy aging group, the median age was 67 years (IQR: 63-73), 58.1% were female and the median for education was 6 (IQR: 3-8) years. The mean CCCE score was 57 (SD: 16.9) points. In the MHAS-2012 cross-sectional analysis, except for orientation, visuospatial abilities, and verbal fluency, all cognitive domain scores were lower with passing age. When comparing cognitive domain scores in the 225 older adults identified with healthy aging between the 2012 and 2015 MHAS waves, there were almost no observable differences.
In the cross-sectional analysis, Mexican adults with healthy aging had lower scores in the verbal learning memory, visual scanning, numeracy, visual memory, and verbal recall domains', as well as lower global cognitive scores in the higher age groups. There were no cognitive changes in the 3 year follow-up, except for a lower gradient of scores in the verbal recall memory domain. Longer prospective studies are needed to characterize greater cognitive changes.
通过优化身心健康，同时保持独立性、社会参与度和生活质量，可以实现老年人的健康和幸福。认知变化被描述为衰老的正常过程，它涉及处理速度、注意力、记忆、语言、视觉空间能力和执行功能等领域。
描述健康衰老的老年人的认知变化。
本研究涉及分别来自2012年和2015年两轮研究中14893名和14154名年龄大于60岁的个体的数据，他们参与了墨西哥健康与衰老研究（MHAS）。在MHAS-2012轮研究中确定并描述了健康衰老的参与者，并跟踪至2015年。描述了在跨文化认知评估（CCCE）中评估的八个认知领域，以及社会人口统计学和健康特征。健康衰老的标准包括：CCCE≥参考规范均值以上-1.5个标准差，在基本和工具性日常生活活动中具有独立性，自我报告“生活接近理想状态”，以及保持功能和社会表现。
在MHAS-2012轮研究的总共9160名老年人中，1080名（11.8%）具有健康衰老。在健康衰老组中，年龄中位数为67岁（四分位间距：63-73），58.1%为女性，教育年限中位数为6年（四分位间距：3-8）。CCCE平均得分为57分（标准差：16.9）。在MHAS-2012横断面分析中，除了定向、视觉空间能力和语言流畅性外，所有认知领域得分均随年龄增长而降低。比较2012年和2015年MHAS两轮研究中确定的225名健康衰老老年人的认知领域得分，几乎没有观察到差异。
在横断面分析中，健康衰老的墨西哥成年人在言语学习记忆、视觉扫描、算术、视觉记忆和言语回忆领域得分较低，在较高年龄组中整体认知得分也较低。在3年随访中，除了言语回忆记忆领域得分的梯度较低外，没有认知变化。需要进行更长时间的前瞻性研究来描述更大的认知变化。
