Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG 38400-902, Brazil.
Dis Aquat Organ. 2022 Jul 7;150:17-29. doi: 10.3354/dao03667.
Leptospirosis and brucellosis are zoonotic diseases with global distributions that represent severe hazards to humans and animals. We investigated exposure to Leptospira spp. and Brucella spp. in samples from Amazonian manatees Trichechus inunguis, Amazon river dolphins Inia geoffrensis, and a tucuxi Sotalia fluviatilis. The animals were free-ranging or undergoing in situ rehabilitation in the mid-Solimões River region, Brazilian Amazon. Serum samples from 19 Amazonian manatees were tested by microscopic agglutination test, Rose Bengal test, and 2-mercaptoethanol Brucella agglutination test. Antibodies against Leptospira spp. were detected in 63% of the manatees tested and serovar Patoc was considered the infecting serovar in all positive samples. Titers were generally low, indicating chronic exposure, but higher titers indicative of an active infection were detected in 3 animals. Anti-Brucella spp. antibodies were not detected. Tissue and/or body fluid samples from 12 Amazon river dolphins, a tucuxi, and 2 Amazonian manatees were investigated by multiplex PCR and bacteriology for Leptospira spp. and Brucella spp. All samples were negative. However, Enterococcus faecalis was isolated from uterine fluid, lymph node, and lung of 3 Amazon river dolphins. Bacillus spp. were isolated from milk and synovial fluid from 2 Amazon river dolphins and from a milk sample from 1 Amazonian manatee. Knowledge of the pathogens present in Amazonian manatees, Amazon river dolphins, and tucuxis is of great relevance to species conservation and environmental health. Although no clinical signs were noted, further research is needed to elucidate the clinical relevance of infection by Leptospira sp. serovar Patoc in Amazonian aquatic mammals.
钩端螺旋体病和布鲁氏菌病是具有全球分布的人畜共患病，对人类和动物构成严重威胁。我们调查了亚马逊海牛 Trichechus inunguis、亚马逊河豚 Inia geoffrensis 和宽吻海豚 Sotalia fluviatilis 样本中钩端螺旋体属和布鲁氏菌属的暴露情况。这些动物是在巴西亚马逊中索利蒙伊斯河中游地区自由放养或就地康复的。从 19 头亚马逊海牛中采集血清样本，通过显微镜凝集试验、孟加拉玫瑰红试验和 2-巯基乙醇布鲁氏菌凝集试验进行检测。在 63%的受检海牛中检测到针对钩端螺旋体属的抗体，所有阳性样本均认为感染血清型为波托萨。滴度通常较低，表明存在慢性暴露，但在 3 只动物中检测到提示急性感染的高滴度抗体。未检测到针对布鲁氏菌属的抗体。通过多重 PCR 和细菌学对 12 头亚马逊河豚、1 只宽吻海豚和 2 头亚马逊海牛的组织和/或体液样本进行了钩端螺旋体属和布鲁氏菌属的检测。所有样本均为阴性。然而，从 3 头亚马逊河豚的子宫液、淋巴结和肺中分离到粪肠球菌，从 2 头亚马逊河豚的牛奶和滑液以及 1 头亚马逊海牛的牛奶样本中分离到芽孢杆菌。了解亚马逊海牛、亚马逊河豚和宽吻海豚体内存在的病原体对于物种保护和环境健康非常重要。尽管没有发现临床症状，但需要进一步研究来阐明钩端螺旋体属波托萨血清型感染对亚马逊水生哺乳动物的临床相关性。
