Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
Institute of Molecular Biosciences, J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt/M., Germany.
Methods Mol Biol. 2022;2533:149-166. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2501-9_9.
Cellular RNAs in all three kingdoms of life are modified with diverse chemical modifications. These chemical modifications expand the topological repertoire of RNAs, and fine-tune their functions. Ribosomal RNA in yeast contains more than 100 chemically modified residues in the functionally crucial and evolutionary conserved regions. The chemical modifications in the rRNA are of three types-methylation of the ribose sugars at the C2-positionAbstract (Nm), isomerization of uridines to pseudouridines (Ψ), and base modifications such as (methylation (mN), acetylation (acN), and aminocarboxypropylation (acpN)). The modifications profile of the yeast rRNA has been recently completed, providing an excellent platform to analyze the function of these modifications in RNA metabolism and in cellular physiology. Remarkably, majority of the rRNA modifications and the enzymatic machineries discovered in yeast are highly conserved in eukaryotes including humans. Mutations in factors involved in rRNA modification are linked to several rare severe human diseases (e.g., X-linked Dyskeratosis congenita, the Bowen-Conradi syndrome and the William-Beuren disease). In this chapter, we summarize all rRNA modifications and the corresponding enzymatic machineries of the budding yeast.
所有三个生命领域的细胞 RNA 都经过多种化学修饰。这些化学修饰扩展了 RNA 的拓扑结构谱，并微调了它们的功能。酵母的核糖体 RNA 在功能关键和进化保守区域含有 100 多个化学修饰的残基。rRNA 中的化学修饰有三种类型：核糖 C2 位的甲基化（Nm）、尿嘧啶向假尿嘧啶的异构化（Ψ）以及碱基修饰，如（甲基化（mN）、乙酰化（acN）和氨甲酰基化（acpN））。酵母 rRNA 的修饰谱最近已经完成，为分析这些修饰在 RNA 代谢和细胞生理中的功能提供了一个极好的平台。值得注意的是，酵母中发现的大多数 rRNA 修饰和酶机制在真核生物（包括人类）中高度保守。与 rRNA 修饰相关的因子突变与几种罕见的严重人类疾病有关（例如，X 连锁先天性角化不良症、Bowen-Conradi 综合征和 William-Beuren 病）。在本章中，我们总结了出芽酵母的所有 rRNA 修饰及其相应的酶机制。
