Department of Psychology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.
Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMBIC), Cordoba, Spain.
PLoS One. 2022 Jul 7;17(7):e0270959. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270959. eCollection 2022.
The stigma and negative attitudes surrounding Alzheimer's disease (AD) are reinforced by the prevalence of their negative representations. This study aimed to determine how AD framing influences attitudes towards AD and whether this influence differs between younger and older people. Additionally, the elaboration likelihood model (ELM) was used to examine the mediating role that emotions induced by different frames may have in bringing about attitude change. Posters with framed messages on AD (dualism and unity) were designed and shown to 136 participants (68 younger and 68 older adults). Both the younger and older participants were randomly divided into two sub-groups. Each sub-group was shown posters of a campaign with different AD frames: one group viewed posters with messages of the dualism frame and the other group viewed posters with messages of the unity frame. To analyse the effect of the different frames, a mixed design of repeated measures (ANOVA) was used in which attitudes towards AD were measured on two occasions. Both the impact and the emotions produced by exposure to the messages were recorded after the presentation of the posters and a MANOVA test was performed on them. Attitudes, impact and emotions experienced by the younger and older participants were compared. Older adults displayed positive attitudes towards AD but less than younger people. Unity-framed messages produced a positive change in attitudes regardless of the audience's age and led to higher levels of happiness, whereas dualism-framed messages had a greater impact and produced feelings of sadness, anger and fear but did not change attitudes. These findings suggest that reframing of AD may be essential to achieve a positive attitudinal change in both younger and older populations and foster positive emotions. The use of unity-framed messages should be considered when developing and implementing policies targeted at communication and awareness of AD in order to reduce the stigma associated with this form of dementia.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）的污名和负面态度受到其负面表现的普遍影响。本研究旨在确定 AD 框架如何影响对 AD 的态度，以及这种影响是否因年龄而异。此外，还使用精细可能性模型（ELM）来检验不同框架引起的情绪在引起态度改变方面可能具有的中介作用。设计了带有 AD 框架信息的海报（二元论和统一论），并向 136 名参与者（68 名年轻人和 68 名老年人）展示。年轻和年长的参与者都被随机分为两个小组。每个小组都观看了带有不同 AD 框架信息的海报：一组观看了带有二元论框架信息的海报，另一组观看了带有统一论框架信息的海报。为了分析不同框架的效果，使用了重复测量的混合设计（ANOVA），在两次测量中测量了对 AD 的态度。在展示海报后记录了对消息的影响和产生的情绪，并对其进行了 MANOVA 测试。比较了年轻和年长参与者的态度、影响和情绪。老年人对 AD 持积极态度，但不如年轻人积极。无论受众的年龄如何，统一框架的信息都能带来积极的态度改变，并导致更高水平的幸福感，而二元框架的信息则具有更大的影响，并产生悲伤、愤怒和恐惧的感觉，但不会改变态度。这些发现表明，对 AD 进行重新框架可能是在年轻和年长人群中实现积极态度改变和培养积极情绪的关键。在制定和实施针对 AD 沟通和意识的政策时，应考虑使用统一框架的信息，以减少与这种形式的痴呆症相关的污名。
