Atkinson R K
Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci. 1986 Oct;64 ( Pt 5):453-64. doi: 10.1038/icb.1986.48.
The ability of the venoms of Atrax infensus and two other funnel-web spider species to induce oedema in rats was investigated and it was found that all Atrax venoms tested caused strong Evans blue leakage from adjacent blood vessels when injected subcutaneously. This dye leakage did not diminish significantly either when the neurotoxin in the venom was first neutralized by pre-mixing with a rat serum protein preparation or when the sensory nerves supplying an area of skin were severed 4 days prior to its envenomation. The pattern and speed of Evans blue extravasation caused by female A. infensus venom resembled that for histamine and for 5-hydroxytryptamine, and pretreatment with an antihistamine-antiserotonin mixture caused essentially complete blockade of the oedematogenic action of this venom, although neither inhibitory drug was very effective when used individually. It was concluded that this venom induces local oedema in rats mainly by causing mast cell degranulation. In confirmation of this, the mast cells in the rat skull periosteal membranes were found to be extensively degranulated by exposure to the venom. Surprisingly, whole-rat envenomation, using very large doses of venom, produced little dye leakage even though obvious symptoms of neurotoxic action were observed.
研究了澳毒蛛（Atrax infensus）及其他两种漏斗网蜘蛛的毒液在大鼠中诱导水肿的能力，发现所有测试的澳毒蛛毒液皮下注射时都会导致相邻血管强烈渗漏伊文思蓝。当毒液中的神经毒素先用大鼠血清蛋白制剂预混合中和，或者在注入毒液前4天切断供应皮肤区域的感觉神经时，这种染料渗漏都没有显著减少。雌性澳毒蛛毒液引起的伊文思蓝外渗模式和速度类似于组胺和5-羟色胺，用抗组胺-抗血清素混合物预处理基本上完全阻断了这种毒液的致水肿作用，尽管单独使用这两种抑制药物时效果都不太显著。得出的结论是，这种毒液主要通过引起肥大细胞脱颗粒在大鼠中诱导局部水肿。证实这一点的是，发现大鼠颅骨骨膜中的肥大细胞通过接触毒液而广泛脱颗粒。令人惊讶的是，使用非常大剂量的毒液对大鼠进行全身注射，即使观察到明显的神经毒性作用症状，也几乎没有染料渗漏。
