Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark; Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark.
Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark; Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, the Netherlands.
Schizophr Res. 2022 Aug;246:187-194. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.06.035. Epub 2022 Jul 5.
Infrequent deviants in a rapid sequence of sounds elicit a negative cortical potential over the frontocentral midline (mismatch negativity, MMN) followed by a positive deflection (P3a). Both cortical potentials are consistently attenuated in patients with schizophrenia (SZ), and, to a lesser degree, in patients with bipolar disorder (BP).
Since it is unclear when MMN and P3a deficits arise relative to the emergence of symptoms, we examined whether MMN and P3a alterations are already detectable in children with familial high risk.
Using 128-channel electroencephalography, we recorded auditory MMN and P3a evoked by a deviation in sound duration, frequency, or both in 51 children with familial high-risk for SZ (FHR-SZ), 41 children with familial high-risk for BP (FHR-BP), and 39 population-based children (PBC) at a mean age of 12.10.
MMN amplitude evoked by a duration deviant was larger in children with FHR-BP compared to PBC and FHR-SZ. P3a amplitude in response to a duration ∗ frequency deviant was larger in children with FHR-BP compared to children with FHR-SZ, but not compared to PBC. MMN- and P3a-peak latency did not differ between groups.
At an age of around 12 years, children with FHR-BP display enhanced neural sensitivity to change detection of duration deviants, while FHR-SZ showed a normal response pattern. Longitudinal recordings in high-risk children during adolescence are required to elucidate the temporal trajectories of MMN and P3a responses and how they relate to the emergence of first clinical symptoms in SZ and BP.
在快速连续的声音中，不常见的偏差会在前额中央中线引起负皮质电位（错配负波，MMN），随后是正偏转（P3a）。皮质电位在精神分裂症（SZ）患者中均明显减弱，在双相情感障碍（BP）患者中则减弱程度较轻。
由于尚不清楚 MMN 和 P3a 缺陷相对于症状出现的时间，我们检查了家族性高风险儿童是否已经可以检测到 MMN 和 P3a 的改变。
我们使用 128 通道脑电图，记录了 51 名家族性 SZ 高风险（FHR-SZ）儿童、41 名家族性 BP 高风险（FHR-BP）儿童和 39 名基于人群的儿童（PBC）对声音时长、频率或两者偏差诱发的听觉 MMN 和 P3a。参与者平均年龄为 12.10 岁。
与 PBC 和 FHR-SZ 相比，FHR-BP 儿童对时长偏差诱发的 MMN 振幅更大。与 FHR-SZ 相比，FHR-BP 儿童对时长×频率偏差诱发的 P3a 振幅更大，但与 PBC 相比则没有差异。MMN 和 P3a 峰潜伏期在各组之间无差异。
在大约 12 岁时，FHR-BP 儿童对时长偏差的变化检测显示出增强的神经敏感性，而 FHR-SZ 则表现出正常的反应模式。需要对高风险儿童进行青少年时期的纵向记录，以阐明 MMN 和 P3a 反应的时间轨迹，以及它们与 SZ 和 BP 首发临床症状的出现有何关系。
