Zhang Yongsheng, Wang Yunlong, Wang Jichuang, Zhang Kaixiang
The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
Front Genet. 2022 Jun 21;13:852708. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2022.852708. eCollection 2022.
Bladder cancer (BLCA) is among the most frequent types of cancer. Patients with BLCA have a significant recurrence rate and a poor post-surgery survival rate. Recent research has found a link between tumor immune cell infiltration (ICI) and the prognosis of BLCA patients. However, the ICI's picture of BLCA remains unclear. Common gene expression data were obtained by combining the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) expression databases. Two computational algorithms were proposed to unravel the ICI landscape of BLCA patients. The R package "limma" was applied to find differentially expressed genes (DEGs). ICI patterns were defined by the unsupervised clustering method. Principal-component analysis (PCA) was used to calculate the ICI score. In addition, the combined ICI score and tumor burden mutation (TMB) were utilized to assess BLCA patients' prognosis. The predictive value of ICI scores was verified by different clinical characteristics. A total of 569 common gene expression data were retrieved from TCGA and GEO cohorts. CD8 T cells were found to have a substantial positive connection with activated memory CD4 T cells and immune score. On the contrary, CD8 T cells were found to have a substantial negative connection with macrophages M0. Thirty-eight DEGs were selected. Two ICI patterns were defined by the unsupervised clustering method. Patients of BLCA were separated into two groups. The high ICI score group exhibited a better outcome than the low ICI score one ( < 0.001). Finally, the group with a high tumor mutation burden (TMB) as well as a high ICI score had the best outcome. ( < 0.001). Combining TMB and ICI scores resulted in a more accurate survival prediction, suggesting that ICI scores could be used as a prognostic marker for BLCA patients.
膀胱癌（BLCA）是最常见的癌症类型之一。BLCA患者的复发率很高，术后生存率很低。最近的研究发现肿瘤免疫细胞浸润（ICI）与BLCA患者的预后之间存在联系。然而，BLCA的ICI情况仍不清楚。通过整合癌症基因组图谱（TCGA）和基因表达综合数据库（GEO）获得常见基因表达数据。提出了两种计算算法来揭示BLCA患者的ICI格局。应用R包“limma”来寻找差异表达基因（DEG）。ICI模式由无监督聚类方法定义。主成分分析（PCA）用于计算ICI评分。此外，联合ICI评分和肿瘤负荷突变（TMB）用于评估BLCA患者的预后。通过不同的临床特征验证了ICI评分的预测价值。从TCGA和GEO队列中总共检索到569个常见基因表达数据。发现CD8 T细胞与活化的记忆CD4 T细胞和免疫评分有显著的正相关。相反，发现CD8 T细胞与M0巨噬细胞有显著的负相关。选择了38个DEG。通过无监督聚类方法定义了两种ICI模式。将BLCA患者分为两组。高ICI评分组的预后优于低ICI评分组（<0.001）。最后，肿瘤突变负荷（TMB）高且ICI评分高的组预后最佳（<0.001）。将TMB和ICI评分相结合可得出更准确的生存预测，这表明ICI评分可作为BLCA患者的预后标志物。
