Zhong Tao, Wang Cheng, Wang Xinlu, Freitas-de-Melo Aline, Zeng Bo, Zhao Qianjun, Zhan Siyuan, Wang Linjie, Cao Jiaxue, Dai Dinghui, Guo Jiazhong, Li Li, Zhang Hongping, Niu Lili
Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
Departamento de Biociencias Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
Front Microbiol. 2022 Jun 21;13:904475. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.904475. eCollection 2022.
Early weaning and milk substitutes increase the incidence of diarrhea in young ruminants, which may modify their gut microbiota, metabolism, immunity, and health. The aim of the study was to determine if early weaning and milk substitutes affect the gut microbiota, metabolism, and immunological status of goat kids suffering from diarrhea. The 16S rRNA gene and metagenomic sequencing in feces and serum metabolomics of early-weaned and artificially reared goat kids suffering from diarrhea (DK group) and healthy goat kids reared by their mothers (HK group) were analyzed. The serum biochemistry and immunoglobulin concentration were also determined. Several probiotics, such as and , were higher in the feces of the DK group than in feces of the HK group. sp. was elevated in the feces of HKs, likely being a biomarker for goat health. Taking all the carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) families into consideration, 20 CAZyme families were different between the groups. Compared with the DK group, the relative quantity of glycoside hydrolases (GH) and glycosyltransferase (GT) families in the HK group decreased. GT70 was only identified in HK kids participating in the activity of β-glucuronosyltransferase during the carbohydrate metabolism. Overall, 24 metabolites were different between the groups, which were mainly involved in protein digestion and absorption, cyanoamino acid metabolism, and cholesterol metabolism. The concentrations of immunoglobulins G and M were significantly lower in the DK than in the HK group. In conclusion, our study characterized the fecal microbiota, metabolism, and immunological status of early-weaned and artificially reared goat kids suffering from diarrhea.
早期断奶和代乳品会增加幼龄反刍动物腹泻的发生率，这可能会改变它们的肠道微生物群、新陈代谢、免疫力和健康状况。本研究的目的是确定早期断奶和代乳品是否会影响患腹泻的山羊幼崽的肠道微生物群、新陈代谢和免疫状态。分析了早期断奶并人工饲养的患腹泻山羊幼崽（腹泻组）和由母羊饲养的健康山羊幼崽（健康组）粪便中的16S rRNA基因和宏基因组测序以及血清代谢组学。还测定了血清生化指标和免疫球蛋白浓度。腹泻组粪便中的几种益生菌，如 和 ，比健康组粪便中的含量更高。 菌在健康组山羊粪便中含量升高，可能是山羊健康的一个生物标志物。综合考虑所有碳水化合物活性酶（CAZyme）家族，两组之间有20个CAZyme家族存在差异。与腹泻组相比，健康组中糖苷水解酶（GH）家族和糖基转移酶（GT）家族的相对数量减少。GT70仅在参与碳水化合物代谢过程中β-葡萄糖醛酸转移酶活性的健康组山羊幼崽中被鉴定出来。总体而言，两组之间有24种代谢物存在差异，主要涉及蛋白质消化与吸收、氰基氨基酸代谢和胆固醇代谢。腹泻组中免疫球蛋白G和M的浓度显著低于健康组。总之，我们的研究对早期断奶并人工饲养的患腹泻山羊幼崽的粪便微生物群、新陈代谢和免疫状态进行了表征。
