Effects of Recloning on the Telomere Lengths of Mouse Nuclear Transfer-Derived Embryonic Stem Cells.

Haploinsufficiency of genes that participate in telomere elongation and maintenance processes, such as telomerase RNA component () and telomere reverse transcriptase (), often leads to premature aging-related diseases such as dyskeratosis congenita and aplastic anemia. Previously, we reported that when mouse tail tip fibroblasts (TTFs) were used as donor cells for somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT, also known as cloning), the derivative embryonic stem cells (ntESCs) had elongated telomeres. In the present work, we are interested to know if an additional round of SCNT, or recloning, could lead to further elongation of telomeres. TTFs were used to derive the first-generation (G1) ntESCs, followed by a second round of SCNT using G1- ntESCs as donor cells to derive G2- ntESCs. Multiple lines of G1- and G2- ntESCs were efficiently established, and all expressed major pluripotent markers and supported efficient chondrocyte differentiation in vitro. Compared with donor TTFs, telomere lengths of G1 ntESCs were elongated to the level comparable with that in wild-type ntESCs. Interestingly, recloning did not further elongate the telomere lengths of ntESCs. Together, our work demonstrates that while a single round of SCNT is a viable means to reprogram haploinsufficient cells to the ESC state, and to elongate these cells' telomere lengths, a second round of SCNT does not necessarily further elongate the telomeres.