Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 100 Inharo, Incheon, 22212, South Korea; Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 445-701, South Korea.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 445-701, South Korea.
Chemosphere. 2022 Nov;306:135590. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135590. Epub 2022 Jul 5.
Graphene derivatives (graphene oxide) are proved as an innovative carbon materials that are getting more attraction in membrane separation technology because of its unique properties and capability to attain layer-to-layer stacking, existence of high oxygen-based functional groups, and generation of nanochannels that successively enhance the selective pollutants removal performance. The review focused on the recent innovations in the development of graphene derivative-based composite hybrid membranes (GDHMs) for the removal of multiple contaminants from wastewater treatment. To design GDHMs, it was observed that at first GO layers undergo chemical treatments with either different polymers, plasma, or sulfonyl. After that, the chemically treated GO layers were decorated with various active functional materials (either with nanoparticles, magnetite, or nanorods, etc.). By preparing GDHMs, properties such as permeability, porosity, hydrophilicity, water flux, stability, feasibility, mechanical strength, regeneration ability, and antifouling tendency were excessively improved as compared to pristine GO membranes. Different types of novel GDHMs were able to remove toxic dyes (77-100%), heavy metals/ions (66-100%), phenols (40-100%), and pharmaceuticals (74-100%) from wastewater with high efficiency. Some of GDHMs were capable to show dual contaminant removal efficacy and antibacterial activity. In this study, it was observed that the most involved mechanisms for pollutants removal are size exclusion, transport, electrostatic interactions, adsorption, and donnan exclusion. In addition to this, interaction mechanism during membrane separation technology has also been elaborated by density functional theory. At last, in this review the discussion related to challenges, limitations, and future outlook for the applications of GDHMs has also been provided.
石墨烯衍生物（氧化石墨烯）因其独特的性质和层状堆叠能力、存在大量含氧官能团以及形成纳米通道的能力，而被证明是一种有前途的新型碳材料，在膜分离技术中受到越来越多的关注，这些特性相继提高了选择性污染物去除性能。本综述重点介绍了近年来在开发基于石墨烯衍生物的复合杂化膜（GDHM）以去除废水中多种污染物方面的创新。为了设计 GDHM，首先观察到 GO 层经历了与不同聚合物、等离子体或磺酰基的化学处理。之后，用各种活性功能材料（纳米颗粒、磁铁矿或纳米棒等）对化学处理后的 GO 层进行修饰。通过制备 GDHM，与原始 GO 膜相比，其渗透性、孔隙率、亲水性、水通量、稳定性、可行性、机械强度、再生能力和抗污倾向等性能得到了极大的提高。不同类型的新型 GDHM 能够高效去除废水中的有毒染料（77-100%）、重金属/离子（66-100%）、酚类（40-100%）和药物（74-100%）。一些 GDHM 能够表现出双重污染物去除效果和抗菌活性。在这项研究中，观察到污染物去除的最相关机制是尺寸排除、传输、静电相互作用、吸附和唐南排斥。除此之外，还通过密度泛函理论阐述了膜分离技术中的相互作用机制。最后，在本综述中还讨论了 GDHM 应用面临的挑战、限制和未来展望。
