Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UMH-CSIC), Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain; email:
Annu Rev Neurosci. 2022 Jul 8;45:471-489. doi: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-111020-104222.
Unimodal sensory loss leads to structural and functional changes in both deprived and nondeprived brain circuits. This process is broadly known as cross-modal plasticity. The evidence available indicates that cross-modal changes underlie the enhanced performances of the spared sensory modalities in deprived subjects. Sensory experience is a fundamental driver of cross-modal plasticity, yet there is evidence from early-visually deprived models supporting an additional role for experience-independent factors. These experience-independent factors are expected to act early in development and constrain neuronal plasticity at later stages. Here we review the cross-modal adaptations elicited by congenital or induced visual deprivation prior to vision. In most of these studies, cross-modal adaptations have been addressed at the structural and functional levels. Here, we also appraise recent data regarding behavioral performance in early-visually deprived models. However, further research is needed to explore how circuit reorganization affects their function and what brings about enhanced behavioral performance.
单一感觉丧失会导致剥夺和非剥夺大脑回路的结构和功能变化。这个过程通常被称为跨模态可塑性。现有证据表明，跨模态变化是剥夺者中未受剥夺的感觉模态表现增强的基础。感觉体验是跨模态可塑性的基本驱动因素，但早期视觉剥夺模型的证据支持经验独立因素的额外作用。这些经验独立的因素预计会在发育早期发挥作用，并在后期限制神经元的可塑性。在这里，我们回顾了在视觉出现之前由先天性或诱导性视觉剥夺引起的跨模态适应。在这些研究中，大多数研究都在结构和功能水平上解决了跨模态适应问题。在这里，我们还评估了早期视觉剥夺模型中行为表现的最新数据。然而，需要进一步的研究来探索电路重组如何影响它们的功能，以及是什么带来了增强的行为表现。
