Han Miaomiao, Fu Xinsen, Xin Xiangqi, Dong Yuanyang, Miao Zhiqiang, Li Jianhui
College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China.
Animals (Basel). 2022 Jun 21;12(13):1604. doi: 10.3390/ani12131604.
Although Iron (Fe) is an essential nutrient that plays a vital role in respiratory processes, excessive Fe in the diet can affect the health of broilers. We investigated the effects of diet supplemented with high levels of iron chelates with lysine and glutamic acid (Fe−LG) on the growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, antioxidant status, and duodenal mRNA expression of Fe transporters in broilers. A total of 800 1-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were assigned to 5 groups, with 8 replicates each. Broilers were fed a corn−soybean meal basal diet or basal diets supplemented with 40, 80, 400, or 800 mg Fe/kg as Fe−LG for 6 weeks. The body weight (BW) was increased in the 80 mg Fe/kg treatment group, but decreased in the 800 mg Fe/kg treatment group on day 21. During days 1−21, compared with the control group, the supplementation of the 80 mg Fe/kg increased the average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI); however, the supplementation of the 800 mg Fe/kg group decreased the ADG and increased the FCR in broilers (p < 0.05). The heart, liver, spleen, and kidney indices were reduced in the 800 mg Fe/kg treatment group (p < 0.05). The supplementation of the 800 mg Fe/kg group increased the serum aspartate aminotransferase activity and the levels of creatinine and urea nitrogen on day 42 (p < 0.05). The broilers had considerably low liver total superoxide dismutase activity and total antioxidant capacity in the 800 mg Fe/kg treatment group (p < 0.05). Serum and liver Fe concentrations were elevated in the 400 and 800 mg Fe/kg treatment groups, but were not affected in the 40 and 80 mg Fe/kg treatment groups. The duodenal Fe transporters divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) and ferroportin 1 (FPN1) were downregulated in the Fe−LG treatment groups (p < 0.05). We conclude that a high dietary supplement of 800 mg Fe/kg in broilers leads to detrimental health effects, causing kidney function injury and liver oxidative stress.
虽然铁（Fe）是一种必需营养素，在呼吸过程中起着至关重要的作用，但日粮中过量的铁会影响肉鸡的健康。我们研究了添加高水平赖氨酸和谷氨酸铁螯合物（Fe−LG）的日粮对肉鸡生长性能、血清生化参数、抗氧化状态以及十二指肠铁转运蛋白mRNA表达的影响。总共800只1日龄雄性艾维茵肉鸡被分为5组，每组8个重复。肉鸡饲喂玉米-豆粕基础日粮或添加40、80、400或800 mg Fe/kg Fe−LG的基础日粮，为期6周。在第21天，80 mg Fe/kg处理组的体重（BW）增加，但800 mg Fe/kg处理组的体重下降。在第1至21天，与对照组相比，添加80 mg Fe/kg可提高平均日增重（ADG）和平均日采食量（ADFI）；然而，800 mg Fe/kg组降低了肉鸡的ADG并提高了料重比（FCR）（p<0.05）。800 mg Fe/kg处理组的心脏、肝脏、脾脏和肾脏指数降低（p<0.05）。在第42天，800 mg Fe/kg组提高了血清天冬氨酸转氨酶活性以及肌酐和尿素氮水平（p<0.05）。在800 mg Fe/kg处理组中，肉鸡肝脏总超氧化物歧化酶活性和总抗氧化能力相当低（p<0.05）。400和800 mg Fe/kg处理组的血清和肝脏铁浓度升高，但40和80 mg Fe/kg处理组未受影响。在Fe−LG处理组中，十二指肠铁转运蛋白二价金属转运体1（DMT1）和铁转运蛋白1（FPN1）下调（p<0.05）。我们得出结论，肉鸡日粮中高剂量补充800 mg Fe/kg会导致有害的健康影响，引起肾功能损伤和肝脏氧化应激。
