Sultana Sharmin, Foster Kevin, Lim Lee Yong, Hammer Katherine, Locher Cornelia
Division of Pharmacy, School of Allied Health, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia.
UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia.
Foods. 2022 Jun 27;11(13):1901. doi: 10.3390/foods11131901.
This review covers a comprehensive overview of the phytoconstituents and bioactivities reported to date for clover honeys produced from various spp. against the backdrop of a more general discussion of the chemistry and bioactivity of these important agricultural species. While research into the phytochemical composition of various honeys and their associated bioactivities is growing, this review demonstrates that the literature to date has seen only a limited number of studies on clover honeys. Surprisingly, there appear to be no comparative data on the concentration of flavonoids in general or isoflavonoids specifically in different clover honeys, although the latter have been identified as a main group of bioactive compounds in red clover plants. Based on the findings of this review, the presence of phytoestrogenic isoflavonoids (e.g., formononetin, biochanin A, genistein, daidzein, glycitein) in clover plants and, by extension, in clover honeys should be further investigated, specifically of clover species outside the three popular perennial clovers (red, white and alsike clovers) to exploit new opportunities of potential benefit to both the pharmaceutical and apiculture industries.
本综述全面概述了迄今为止报道的各种三叶草属植物所产三叶草蜂蜜的植物成分和生物活性，同时在更广泛地讨论这些重要农业物种的化学性质和生物活性的背景下进行阐述。虽然对各种蜂蜜的植物化学成分及其相关生物活性的研究不断增加，但本综述表明，迄今为止的文献中关于三叶草蜂蜜的研究数量有限。令人惊讶的是，尽管异黄酮已被确定为红三叶草植物中的主要生物活性化合物类别，但目前似乎没有关于不同三叶草蜂蜜中黄酮类化合物总体浓度或特定异黄酮浓度的比较数据。基于本综述的研究结果，应进一步研究三叶草植物中，进而在三叶草蜂蜜中植物雌激素异黄酮（如芒柄花黄素、鹰嘴豆芽素A、染料木黄酮、大豆苷元、黄豆黄素）的存在情况，特别是研究三种常见多年生三叶草（红三叶草、白三叶草和杂三叶草）之外的三叶草物种，以发掘对制药和养蜂业都有潜在益处的新机会。
