Hu Xinzi, Li Guangzhi, Wu Song
Institute of Urology, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China.
Department of Urology, South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518116, China.
Cancers (Basel). 2022 Jun 29;14(13):3181. doi: 10.3390/cancers14133181.
Bladder cancer (BCa) is one of the most common and expensive urinary system malignancies for its high recurrence and progression rate. In recent years, immense amounts of studies have been carried out to bring a more comprehensive cognition and numerous promising clinic approaches for BCa therapy. The development of innovative enhanced cystoscopy techniques (optical techniques, imaging systems) and tumor biomarkers-based non-invasive urine screening (DNA methylation-based urine test) would dramatically improve the accuracy of tumor detection, reducing the risk of recurrence and progression of BCa. Moreover, intravesical instillation and systemic therapeutic strategies (cocktail therapy, immunotherapy, vaccine therapy, targeted therapy) also provide plentiful measures to break the predicament of BCa. Several exploratory clinical studies, including novel surgical approaches, pharmaceutical compositions, and bladder preservation techniques, emerged continually, which are supposed to be promising candidates for BCa clinical treatment. Here, recent advances and prospects of diagnosis, intravesical or systemic treatment, and novel drug delivery systems for BCa therapy are reviewed in this paper.
膀胱癌（BCa）是泌尿系统中最常见且治疗费用高昂的恶性肿瘤之一，因其复发率和进展率高。近年来，人们开展了大量研究，以增进对膀胱癌的全面认识，并为其治疗带来众多有前景的临床方法。创新的增强型膀胱镜检查技术（光学技术、成像系统）以及基于肿瘤生物标志物的非侵入性尿液筛查（基于DNA甲基化的尿液检测）的发展，将显著提高肿瘤检测的准确性，降低膀胱癌复发和进展的风险。此外，膀胱内灌注和全身治疗策略（联合疗法、免疫疗法、疫苗疗法、靶向疗法）也为突破膀胱癌的治疗困境提供了丰富的手段。包括新型手术方法、药物组合物和膀胱保留技术在内的多项探索性临床研究不断涌现，有望成为膀胱癌临床治疗的候选方案。本文综述了膀胱癌治疗在诊断、膀胱内或全身治疗以及新型药物递送系统方面的最新进展和前景。
