Bajalia Essa M, Azzouz Farah B, Chism Danielle A, Giansiracusa Derrek M, Wong Carina G, Plaskett Kristina N, Bishayee Anupam
College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA.
Cancers (Basel). 2022 Jul 4;14(13):3278. doi: 10.3390/cancers14133278.
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is associated with about 90% of renal malignancies, and its incidence is increasing globally. Plant-derived compounds have gained significant attention in the scientific community for their preventative and therapeutic effects on cancer. To evaluate the anticancer potential of phytocompounds for RCC, we compiled a comprehensive and systematic review of the available literature. Our work was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses criteria. The literature search was performed using scholarly databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect and keywords such as renal cell carcinoma, phytochemicals, cancer, tumor, proliferation, apoptosis, prevention, treatment, in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. Based on in vitro results, various phytochemicals, such as phenolics, terpenoids, alkaloids, and sulfur-containing compounds, suppressed cell viability, proliferation and growth, showed cytotoxic activity, inhibited invasion and migration, and enhanced the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs in RCC. In various animal tumor models, phytochemicals suppressed renal tumor growth, reduced tumor size, and hindered angiogenesis and metastasis. The relevant antineoplastic mechanisms involved upregulation of caspases, reduction in cyclin activity, induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via modulation of a plethora of cell signaling pathways. Clinical studies demonstrated a reduced risk for the development of kidney cancer and enhancement of the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs. Both preclinical and clinical studies displayed significant promise of utilizing phytochemicals for the prevention and treatment of RCC. Further research, confirming the mechanisms and regulatory pathways, along with randomized controlled trials, are needed to establish the use of phytochemicals in clinical practice.
肾细胞癌（RCC）约占肾脏恶性肿瘤的90%，其全球发病率正在上升。植物源化合物因其对癌症的预防和治疗作用而在科学界受到广泛关注。为了评估植物化合物对RCC的抗癌潜力，我们对现有文献进行了全面系统的综述。我们的工作是按照系统评价和Meta分析的首选报告项目标准进行的。文献检索使用了PubMed、Scopus和ScienceDirect等学术数据库，以及肾细胞癌、植物化学物质、癌症、肿瘤、增殖、凋亡、预防、治疗、体外、体内和临床研究等关键词。基于体外研究结果，各种植物化学物质，如酚类、萜类、生物碱和含硫化合物，可抑制细胞活力、增殖和生长，显示出细胞毒性活性，抑制侵袭和迁移，并增强化疗药物对RCC的疗效。在各种动物肿瘤模型中，植物化学物质可抑制肾肿瘤生长，减小肿瘤大小，并阻碍血管生成和转移。相关的抗肿瘤机制包括半胱天冬酶上调、细胞周期蛋白活性降低、通过调节多种细胞信号通路诱导细胞周期停滞和凋亡。临床研究表明，患肾癌的风险降低，化疗药物的疗效增强。临床前和临床研究均显示出利用植物化学物质预防和治疗RCC的巨大潜力。需要进一步的研究来证实其机制和调控途径，并开展随机对照试验，以确定植物化学物质在临床实践中的应用。
