Choudhary Neeraj, Bawari Sweta, Burcher Jack T, Sinha Dona, Tewari Devesh, Bishayee Anupam
Department of Pharmacognosy, GNA School of Pharmacy, GNA University, Phagwara 144 401, India.
Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida 201 301, India.
Cancers (Basel). 2023 Aug 5;15(15):3980. doi: 10.3390/cancers15153980.
Lung cancer is a heterogeneous group of malignancies with high incidence worldwide. It is the most frequently occurring cancer in men and the second most common in women. Due to its frequent diagnosis and variable response to treatment, lung cancer was reported as the top cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide in 2020. Many aberrant signaling cascades are implicated in the pathogenesis of lung cancer, including those involved in apoptosis (B cell lymphoma protein, Bcl-2-associated X protein, first apoptosis signal ligand), growth inhibition (tumor suppressor protein or gene and serine/threonine kinase 11), and growth promotion (epidermal growth factor receptor/proto-oncogenes/phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase). Accordingly, these pathways and their signaling molecules have become promising targets for chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents. Recent research provides compelling evidence for the use of plant-based compounds, known collectively as phytochemicals, as anticancer agents. This review discusses major contributing signaling pathways involved in the pathophysiology of lung cancer, as well as currently available treatments and prospective drug candidates. The anticancer potential of naturally occurring bioactive compounds in the context of lung cancer is also discussed, with critical analysis of their mechanistic actions presented by preclinical and clinical studies.
肺癌是一组异质性的恶性肿瘤，在全球范围内发病率很高。它是男性中最常发生的癌症，在女性中是第二常见的癌症。由于其频繁的诊断和对治疗的可变反应，肺癌在2020年被报道为全球癌症相关死亡的首要原因。许多异常的信号级联反应与肺癌的发病机制有关，包括那些参与细胞凋亡（B细胞淋巴瘤蛋白、Bcl-2相关X蛋白、第一凋亡信号配体）、生长抑制（肿瘤抑制蛋白或基因和丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶11）以及生长促进（表皮生长因子受体/原癌基因/磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶）的信号级联反应。因此，这些途径及其信号分子已成为化学预防和化疗药物有前景的靶点。最近的研究为使用统称为植物化学物质的基于植物的化合物作为抗癌剂提供了令人信服的证据。这篇综述讨论了参与肺癌病理生理学的主要信号途径，以及目前可用的治疗方法和潜在的候选药物。还讨论了天然存在的生物活性化合物在肺癌背景下的抗癌潜力，并对临床前和临床研究提出的其作用机制进行了批判性分析。
