Department of Physical Education, College of Physical Education, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea.
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jun 28;19(13):7921. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19137921.
In this study, the effects of a 12-week exercise program combining aerobic and resistance training on high-fat diet-induced obese Sprague Dawley (SD) rats after the injection of beta-amyloid into the cerebral ventricle were investigated. Changes in physical fitness, cognitive function, blood levels of beta-amyloid and metabolic factors, and protein expressions of neurotrophic factors related to brain function such as BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) in the quadriceps femoris, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex were analyzed. The subjects were thirty-two 10-week-old SD rats (DBL Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea). The rats were randomized into four groups: β-Non-Ex group (n = 8) with induced obesity and βA25-35 injection into the cerebral ventricle through stereotactic biopsy; β-Ex group (n = 8) with induced obesity, βA25-35 injection, and exercise; S-Non-Ex group (n = 8) with an injection of saline in lieu of βA25-35 as the control; and S-Ex group (n = 8) with saline injection and exercise. The 12-week exercise program combined aerobic training and resistance training. As for protein expressions of the factors related to brain function, the combined exercise program was shown to have a clear effect on activating the following factors: PGC-1α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha), FNDC5 (fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5), and BDNF in the quadriceps femoris; TrkB (Tropomyosin receptor kinase B), FNDC5, and BDNF in the hippocampus; PGC-1α, FNDC5, and BDNF in the cerebral cortex. The protein expression of β-amyloid in the cerebral cortex was significantly lower in the β-Ex group than in the β-Non-Ex group (p < 0.05). The 12-week intervention with the combined exercise program of aerobic and resistance training was shown to improve cardiopulmonary function, muscular endurance, and short-term memory. The results demonstrate a set of positive effects of the combined exercise program, which were presumed to have arisen mainly due to its alleviating effect on β-amyloid plaques, the main cause of reduced brain function, as well as the promotion of protein expressions of PGC-1α, FNDC5, and BDNF in the quadriceps femoris, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex.
在这项研究中，我们调查了为期 12 周的有氧运动和抗阻训练相结合的运动方案对脑室注射β淀粉样蛋白后高脂肪饮食诱导肥胖的 Sprague Dawley（SD）大鼠的影响。分析了运动方案对运动能力、认知功能、血液β淀粉样蛋白和代谢因子水平的影响，以及与脑功能相关的神经营养因子 BDNF（脑源性神经营养因子）在股四头肌、海马体和大脑皮质中的蛋白表达情况。研究对象为 32 只 10 周龄的 SD 大鼠（DBL 公司，韩国首尔）。这些大鼠被随机分为四组：β-Non-Ex 组（n = 8），通过立体定向活检诱导肥胖并向脑室注射βA25-35；β-Ex 组（n = 8），诱导肥胖，脑室注射βA25-35，同时进行运动；S-Non-Ex 组（n = 8），用生理盐水代替βA25-35 注射作为对照；S-Ex 组（n = 8），生理盐水注射，同时进行运动。为期 12 周的运动方案结合了有氧运动和抗阻训练。就与脑功能相关的因子的蛋白表达而言，联合运动方案在激活以下因子方面效果明显：股四头肌中的 PGC-1α（过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ共激活因子 1α）、FNDC5（纤维连接蛋白 III 结构域蛋白 5）和 BDNF；海马体中的 TrkB（原肌球蛋白受体激酶 B）、FNDC5 和 BDNF；大脑皮质中的 PGC-1α、FNDC5 和 BDNF。大脑皮质中β淀粉样蛋白的蛋白表达在β-Ex 组明显低于β-Non-Ex 组（p < 0.05）。为期 12 周的有氧运动和抗阻训练相结合的运动方案干预，可改善心肺功能、肌肉耐力和短期记忆。研究结果显示，该运动方案具有一系列积极影响，其作用机制可能主要是减轻β淀粉样蛋白斑块（导致脑功能下降的主要原因）的负担，并促进股四头肌、海马体和大脑皮质中 PGC-1α、FNDC5 和 BDNF 的蛋白表达。
